Industrial Safety and

Environmental Management
23MECH40H

Prof. Tamer A. Mohamed

Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department
The British University of Egypt
Air Pollution Types
 Pollutants
Primary

VOCs Lead

CO PM
NOx SO2

Smog O3 Secondary
HNO3 H2SO4
Inversion

Acid deposition
Particulate Matter
 Particulate Matter
• PM stands for particulate matter (also called
particle pollution): the term for a mixture of
solid particles and liquid droplets found in
the air.

• Some particles, such as dust, dirt, or smoke,

are large or dark enough to be seen with the
naked eye. Others are so small they can only
be detected using an electron microscope.
Sources of Particulate Matter
Fine Particulate Matter
Symptoms of exposure to Particulate Matter
What are Volatile Organic Compounds?
Common Volatile Organic Compounds?
Common sources of Volatile Organic Compounds
Effects of Volatile Organic Compounds
 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

• Extremely toxic emission resulting from the release

of partially burned fuel (incomplete combustion of
petroleum-based fuel).
• CO prevents human blood cells from carrying oxygen
to body tissue.
• Symptoms are headaches, nausea, blurred vision,
and fatigue.
• A rich air-fuel (less air than fuel) would increase CO;
lean (too much air) air-fuel mixture would lower CO
emissions.
 The dangerous effects of Carbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is essentially
undetectable by human senses.
The dangerous effects of Carbon Monoxide
Oxides of Nitrogen
 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

•Produced by extremely high temperatures during

combustion.
•Air consist of about 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.

•With enough heat (above 2500ºF / 1370ºC), nitrogen

and oxygen in air-fuel mixture in engines combines to
form NOx emissions.
Sulphur Oxides
Sulphur Oxides
Sulphur Oxides
Forms of Acid deposition
Acid Rain is measured by a scale called: pH
Acid Rain
Acid Rain related reactions
Acid Rain effects
Acid Rain effects
Air Pollution and Global Warming
 Global mean surface-temperature change from 1880 to 2017

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Global_Temperature_Anomaly.svg
A greenhouse gas is a gas that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the
thermal infrared range. Greenhouse gases cause the greenhouse effect.
Greenhouse gasses
What is the difference between the greenhouse
effect and global warming?

• The greenhouse effect is the heat that escapes

in space, the greenhouse gases block this
escaping heat and hence it enters the earth.
• Global warming is the phenomenon in which
the earth gets overheated by greenhouse
gases and fossil fuels leading to the
greenhouse effect
Global carbon dioxide emissions by country