THE STUDY OF PHILOSOPHY

AND ETHICS
PHILOSOPHY
 It is the systematic study of ideas and issues, a reasoned
pursuit of fundamental truths, a quest for a
comprehensive understanding of the world, a study of
principles of conduct and much more.
DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
 EPISTEMOLOGY- a branch of philosophy that
addresses the philosophical problems surrounding the
theory of knowledge.
 METAPHYSICS- a branch of philosophy concerned with
the nature of ultimate reality.
 AESTHETICS- a branch of philosophy concerned with
the essence and perception of beauty and ugliness.
 COSMOLOGY- a branch of philosophy that deals with
the study of the universe as a whole, including its past and
its future.
 SOCIAL AND POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY- a branch
of philosophy primarily concerned with the nature of
legitimate authority, the nature of society and the relation
between the individual, the community and the state.
 PHILOSOPHY OF MAN- the study of all aspects of
human life and culture.
 LOGIC- commonly known as the art and science of
correct thinking.
 ETHICS- is the normative science of the conduct of
human being living in societies; a science which judges
the conduct to be right or wrong, to be good or bad.
ETHICS
 Etymologically, ethics is derived from the Greek word
ethicos, or that which pertains to ethos the English
translation of which is “custom” or “character”.

 Ethics is often called moral philosophy, a study that

deals with the principles and laws governing the morality
of the human act.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ETHICS AND
MORALITY
 Etymologically, there is no difference between ethics and
morality, because morality comes from Latin word mos
or moris, which also means “customs”

 But by Babor (2003), ethics provides the theory or

principles of right and wrong or goodness and badness
while morality actualizes the theory. Morality is nothing
else but doing of ethics.
IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS
1. Ethics means living in proper way and it is in the
development of a good moral character and virtues that
man finds perfection and understands his purpose of
existence.

2. Everybody aims to have peace and harmony among all

people, which is indeed the common interest of the
people and the government.
NATURE OF MAN
 MAN IS THE ONLY MORAL BEING

• Man has intellect that separates him from all brute

creation.
• Man has the ability to think before doing a particular

action.
• Man may foresee the consequence of his actions.

• He has the capacity to know what is right and what is

wrong.
• Human have the power to acquire knowledge from

experience and from their environment.

 MAN AS A RATIONAL BEING

 Man’s actions are in accordance with the reason.

 Every action he makes has purpose and meaning.

 It
is duty of man to be moral according to Immanuel
Kant.

 He carefully examines and analyzes the consequences

of his actions
 MAN AS AN ANIMAL

 Both man and animals possess appetency and knowledge.

 Animals as similar to man need also to gratify their
instinctive sexual desires.
 But what separates man from animals is that, man has
intellect and free will.
 Actions of animals lack meaning and are beyond their control
and therefore makes morality of humans acts inapplicable to
them, to this we can include imbeciles, morons, idiots, insane
and other psychologically deranged people.