TO U R I S M

HISTORY AND ITS TYPES

SHAWAL KHAN-21
INTRODUCTI
ON
TOURISM:
• Comprised of activities of
persons traveling to and staying
in places outside their usual
environment for not more than
one consecutive year for leisure,
business and other purposes.
(World Tourism Organization
(WTO).
OR
•Temporary short-term
movement of people to
destinations outside the places
where they normally live and
work and their activities during
their stay at these destinations.
Two classifications of
visitors
 Tourist:
• Temporary visitors staying at least
24 hours with purposes such as
leisure, recreation, holiday, family,
business or meeting.
 Excursionist-:
• Temporary visitors staying less than
24 hours in the destination visited
and not making an overnight stay,
including cruise travelers but
excluding travelers in transit.
Importance of Tourism

1. Contribution to the balance of payments

2. Dispersion of development
3. Effects on general economic development
4. Employment opportunities
5. Social Benefits
6. Cultural Enrichment
7. Educational Significance
8. A vital force for peace Prepared
Purposes of Travel

Business
o Primary activities
• Conventions
• Consultations
• Inspection
o Secondary activities
• Dining out
• Recreation
• Shopping
• Sight seeing
• VFR(visiting friends and relative)
Purposes of Travel

 Visiting Friends or Relatives

o Primary activities
• Socializing
• Dining in
• Home entertainment
o Secondary activities
• Dining out
• Physical recreation
• Shopping
• Sight-seeing
• Urban entertainment
Purposes of Travel

 Pleasures
o Primary activities
• Recreation
• Sight-seeing
• Dining out
o Secondary activities
• VFR
• Convention
• Business
• Shopping
The Tourist Destination

Tourist Destination-
It is a geographical unit which the tourist visits and where he
stays.
The success of a tourist destination depends upon the
interrelationship of three basic factors: 3 A’s
 3 A’s

Attractions:
1. May be site or event attractions and natural or man-made.
2. Site attractions- the destination itself has the appeal to the tourist. It maybe a
country, geographical region, a city or a resort.
3. Event attractions- include congresses, exhibitions, and festivals.
4. Natural attractions- include natural formations all over the world.
5. Man-made attractions- include buildings of historical or architectural interests.
 3 A’s

2. Amenities or Facilities-

• include accommodation, food, local transport,
communications and entertainment at the site.
 3.Accessibility-
means having regular and convenience of transport in terms of
time and distance to the destination from the originating country
at a reasonable price.
Types of
Tourism
Types
• Religious tourism
• Historical tourism
• Social tourism
• Health tourism
• Senior tourism
• Adventure tourism
• Sports tourism
• Business tourism
• Special interest tourism
RELIGIOUS
TOURISM
• Also called as pilgrimage tourism or spiritual tourism
• World’s largest form of mass religious tourism takes place at the
annual Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
• Most famous holy cities are Jerusalem, Mecca and Varanasi.
• Amarnath, Vaishno Devi, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Varanasi, Ujjain,
Haridwar-Rishikesh, etc : Hindus
• Haj : Muslims
• Jerusalem : Christians
• Amritsar : Sikhs
• Gaya, Kapilvastu and Sarnath : Buddhists
• Ashrams : SatyaSai’s PrashantiNilyam, Sai Baba’s Shirdi, Dwarka
Mai, Osho Ashrams, Murari Bapu’s Ashram, etc
HISTORICAL
TOURISM
•Refers to a kind of tourism where the tour or
tour group focuses on the history; history of
some place, people, things or events
• Tourists visit those places of historical
importance to know about culture, tradition,
past happenings, etc and get to know about the
evolution and development in culture
• Places of important historical events, such as
battlefields or sites where discovers and
explorers landed, are being promoted as
tourist attractions
SOCIAL
TOURISM
• Can be commercial and non-commercial,
government and private
• Specifically encourages the participation in
tourism activities of persons who are economically
weak or otherwise disadvantaged • Range from
small charities organizing holidays for children
from low-income backgrounds, over government
plans improving accessibility in hotels, to private
tour operators offering ecological holidays
• Ideal tourist locations and holiday stays that
promote social, cultural and sports activities are
keys to the development of certain isolated and
underdeveloped regions
ADVENTURE
TOURISM
• Identified as one of the largest segments of global and
domestic tourism
• Young travellers are primarily experience seekers, collecting,
enquiring unique experiences
• Kinds of adventure tourism in India – rock climbing, skiing,
camel safari, paragliding, mountaineering, rafting in white
water, trekking
• Adventure tourism : Ladakh, Garwal hills, Himachal hills,
Darjeeling, Goa, Lakshwadeep, Andaman and Nicobar,
Jaisalmer and wildlife sanctuaries and reserves
• Skiing: Manali, Shimla, Nainital, Mussoorie
• Whitewater rafting : Ganga, Alaknanda, Bhagirathi rivers
• Rock climbing : Badami, Kanheri caves, Manori rocks,
Kabbal
HEALTH
TOURISM
• Also called Medical tourism
• Travelling for medical treatment or visit
places where there are curative possibilities
• Indian system of medicine : Ayurveda, Yoga,
Sidha, Unani, Naturopathy
• Overseas surgery is becoming a safe and
viable option to healthcare in US and Canada
• Yogasana has become popular and
widespread and many public and private
conduct Yoga classes
SPORTS
TOURISM
• Tourism which is based on the theme of
sports
• • Playing golf, skiing in the mountains or
hiking, trekking, mountaineering, river
rafting, etc
• Big sports meetings like Olympic Games,
the continental or world football, boxing
championship, etc
• Sporting tourism of the devotees, winter
sports, nautical sports, mountain climbing,
horse riding, hunting, fishing sports
BUSINESS
TOURISM
• Popularly called MICE(Meetings,
Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions)
• Rapidly growing and largely associated with
travel for business purpose
• Includes a well-planned agenda centered on
a particular theme, such as a hobby, a
profession, or an educational topic
• Known for its extensive planning and
demanding clientele
• Facility provides furniture, projectors, stage
lightning, and a sound system
CULTURE ORIENTED
TOURISM
• Subset of tourism concerned with a country or region’s
culture, specifically the lifestyle of the people in those
geographical areas, the history of those people, their art,
architecture, religion(s), and other elements that helped to
shape their way of life
• Movement of persons to cultural attractions away from their
normal place of residence, with the intention to gather new
information and experiences to satisfy their cultural needs
• Composed of both cultural products presented for tourist
consumption and cultural processes which generate motivation
to participate in cultural tourism
• Travel directed toward experiencing the arts, heritage and
special character of a place
• Visit to ancient monuments, places of historical or religious
importance
NATURE ORIENTED
TOURISM
• Reflects the movement of tourist in naturally
rich areas like national parks, safaris, remote
destination, etc
• Not allowed to be visited by mass tourists
• Flora and fauna are not disturbed
• Ecotourism creates a balance between
development and conservation of natural
environment
• Infrastructure conducive for movement is
developed, jobs are created for locals and
benefits accrue to all.
“EXPLORING TOURISM IN
PAKISTAN”

By SHAWAL KHAN-21 Section A

Submitted To, Ar. Azmat Ali Khan
Coastal Tourism
 • PAKISTAN is a blessed country with a variety of seasons. For sure its
geographical location is an added advantage because of the fact that in the
Introductio same country there are mountains, plateaus, deserts and diverse landscapes.
• Our country’s each province has its own identity and beauty and one of the
n nations in the world which is blessed simultaneously with sea, deserts,
mountains, glaciers and lush grasslands.
• Generally speaking, people in Pakistan prefer going to northern areas to
enjoy the serenity and favorable desired weather as those areas have better
roads to travel and rest areas are often available within a few kilometers.
• People prefer going outside the country to
enjoy the splendor of sea and beaches but
what they ignore is that their own country
has more than 1000 kilometers long
coastline along Arabian Sea which has
some exceptional places to travel.
• Balochistan’s coastal line has areas like
Kund malir ,Pasni, Khor Kalmat, Astola
Island, Gwadar, Ganz, Daran and Jiwani
where one can find crystal clear water,
virgin beaches, excellent quality of sea-
food and untapped spots having great
potential for maritime sector and coastal
tourism.
 “Coastal Tourism ”
“The coast, the boundary between land and see has been a
focus for human settlement and activity for thousand of
year”

• The coast, also known as the coastline or seashore, is

defined as the area where land meets the sea or ocean,
or as a line that forms the boundary between the land
and the ocean or a lake.
• Coastal tourism is based on a unique resource
combination at the interface of land and sea offering
amenities such as water, beaches, scenic beauty, rich
terrestrial and marine biodiversity, diversified cultural and
historic heritage, healthy food and good infrastructure.
• It includes a diversity of activities : development of
tourism capacities (hotels, resorts, second homes,
restaurants, etc.) and support infrastructure (ports,
marinas, fishing and diving shops, and other facilities).
• Coastal recreation activities, which have been increasing
both in volume and in number during the last decade,
occupy a unique place in coastal tourism. They take in
two main types of recreational uses of coastal zones:
Consumptive and non-consumptive ones. Activities such
as fishing, shell fishing and shell collection, etc. belong
in the first category while activities in the second include
swimming, diving, boating, surfing, wind-surfing, jet
skiing, bird watching,snorkelling, etc.
Motivation (Identification) :
• Coastal and marine destinations offer a variety of activities for their visitors. The objective
of this study is, considering the above assertation, analyzing the segmentation of the
demand for this kind of destination in terms of customer motivations. This project site
investigation conducted in the city of Balochistan, an important coastal and marine
destination in Pakistan.
• The study also shows the existence of two different segments of visitors. The first group
labeled “Beach lovers” formed by tourists who have high motivation in such aspects
related to the sun and the beach, this group refers to the motivational dimension “sun and
beach.” The second group, labeled “Multiple coastal motives,” grouped tourists who have
high values in all the motivational dimensions.
• The findings of this research in this field suggest the need for a more refined and
architecture solution that could attract not only beach lovers but also other segments of
tourists motivated by the different activities and features that this coastal and marine
destination can offer.
Issues:
 The tourism sector has not been developed fully in spite of immense tourism potential
the coastal.

 Tourism and recreation-related development is one of the major factors shaping

development patterns in the coastal areas of various countries in the industrialized
world. Unfortunately, the government of Pakistan as well as provincial governments have
not been mindful of this untapped potential of the country and have kept ignoring the
sector.

 Infrastructure, transportation, accommodation and environmental quality of goods or

services.

 People prefer going outside the country to enjoy the splendor of sea and beaches.
Objectives:

 To give a new flavor of experience for the tourist in the coastal area Through
Architecture.

 To attract the local and international tourist through Architecture by mean of

culture blending of that area.

 To promote the coastal areas of Pakistan.

 To strengthen and enhance through Architecture the exclusive image of the

destination in the coastal city of Pakistan.
Scope and limitation:

•The present research will highlight the exclusive blend of resources at the border of
land and sea provide foundation for coastal tourism. These resources include
beaches, scenic grandeur, biological and cultural diversity etc which support a broad
range of tourism activities.

•The main focus is to explore the coastal belt of Baluchistan Pakistan that holds
tremendous potential and exceptional views for tourists. whereas the Balochistan
coastal belt comprises both Gwadar and Lasbela coast. This area is famous for sand
beaches. The popular places are Kund malir,Pasni, Gaddani, Gwadar, Jiwani,
Sonmiani, Ormara, Hingol River and many more. There are small tidal mangroves
forests of natural and artificial kind.

•In terms of methodological boundaries the research wil be limited to architectural

issues analysis and problems.
Building(s) to be
Designed:
(Typology)/ Activities
•Resorts/marinas/holidays homes/
restaurant./ safaris
• Activities :SCUBA diving,
snorkelling, yachting, water-skiing,
wake-boarding, boat based fishing,
wildlife watching, scenic boat
cruising, sea-kayaking, surfing, surf-
ski paddling, swimming,horse
riding,coastal events
Style of
Architecture
• Bamboos Architecture
• Vernacular architecture
Aspects
1. Floating Architecture.

2. Organic Architecture.
Aspect 01:
Floating
Architecture
• Floating architecture is that
architecture which is build on
water and maintain a functional
floor height above the water
surface.
Floating Structure:

o Stilt Structure:
Stilts are poles, posts or pillars used to
allow a structure or building to stand at
a distance above the ground. In flood
plains, and on beaches or unstable
ground, buildings are often constructed
on stilts to protect them from damage
by water, waves or shifting soil or sand.

o Materials:
1. EPS ( Expanded polystyrene)
2. Rexwall Composite Pannel
3. Concrete Pontoons.
 Aspect 02: Organic
Architecture

• Organic architecture is more of a way of living than a

tangible thing. It involves respecting the properties of
surrounding natural materials, understanding the
function of the building, and making them work
together with the building site in a harmonious way.
• Vernacular architecture was innately organic, as
vernacular architecture is based on natural form
structure and simple local material.
• Organic architecture was coined by Frank Lloyd Wright
-literal relationship to the natural surroundings
 • Architect and planner David Pearson proposed a
list of rules towards the design of organic
architecture. "Let the design:

Organic • Be inspired by nature and be sustainable, healthy,

conserving, and diverse.

architecture • Unfold, like an organism, from the seed within.

• Exist in the "continuous present" and "begin again
and again".
• Follow the flows and be flexible and adaptable.
• Satisfy social, physical, and spiritual needs.
• Grow out of the site" and be unique.
Isla Pasión
Case study
• Isla Pasión is a concept project designed by Sordo
Madaleno Architect to create a luxury hotel in Mexico
that has an unique architecture is based on Mayan
elements.
• In the conception of this project, understanding the
special nature of the site and fully respecting the existing
natural surroundings was essential. For these reasons, all
its areas were designed using an organic, low-impact
architecture that is integrated into its surroundings.
Regulated, local materials are used such as regional stone
and wood. It aims to create a simple image that avoid
grandstanding, while achieving high levels of comfort.
• The project is designed with an organic architecture,
integrated to the context and with low impact for the
environment, using local and regulated materials such as
stones and regional woods.
Bamboo Architecture
• Bamboo is a woody grass that is known to be the fastest-growing plant in the
world. it has become a popular material choice in architecture and design
projects because of its sustainable qualities and hardwearing characteristics as
it has a higher compressive strength than concrete or wood, and rivals the
tensility of steel.
• Bamboo has a long and well-established tradition as a building material
through out the world’s tropical and sub-tropical regions.
• It is widely used for many forms of construction, in particular for housing in
rural areas.
• Bamboo is a renewable and versatile resource, characterized by high strength
and low weight, and is easily worked using simple tools.
Construction For a bamboo to be used as a building material, it
must be worked on to create desired shape, bend and
techniques length to be used for structural or other
purposes. Following are the different works
used in involved with use of bamboo:
Bamboo 1.Splitting

Architecture 2.Shaping
3.Bending
Splitting of Bamboo

• The bamboo canes are split into halves

or quarter sections using a knife ideal
for the job and setting them apart by a
wedge. About four or eight segments
can be acquired which are used as
canes, strips or battens. Canes can be
peeled to make strings and ropes up to
the age of 18 months.
Shaping of Bamboo Bending of Bamboo

• Even though bamboos are naturally circular in

form but if they are grown in a box of square
shape they acquire a shape as desired.
• Bamboos can be bent while they are freshly cut
by heating them above the temperature of 150°
C. Bamboo will retain this shape even after
cooling and drying off.
 Traditional
connections
A) Friction tight rope connection
• The ‘friction tight rope’ connection is widely
used in traditional construction. These
connections use natural materials like rattan,
coconut fiber to join the bamboo culms
together. Lashings, wraps, fraps, and clove-
hitch are some knots used in these connections.
To get tighter connections, we use green
bamboo strips. These strips are watered before
use and shrink while drying, resulting in a
stronger connection.
B) Wedge
connection

• In a wedge connection, a wedge-shaped

wooden piece is driven at the joint of
two bamboo members.
• However, this connection requires
additional reinforcement through the
use of lashing or bolts.
C) Plug-in bolt
connection

• The Plug-in bolt connection is not widely

used and works on the similar principle of
the tenon and mortise joint in wooden
joineries. We must take care to avoid using
the plug-in bolt connection close to the
edge of the culm to prevent the splitting of
the bamboo.
D) Positive Fitting

• Positive fitting connections are

widely used in traditional bamboo
construction. These connections
involve carving a hole in a bamboo
culm and inserting a bamboo of a
slightly smaller diameter. The joint
is further strengthened using bolts
or dowels. The disadvantage of
this jointing technique is the
reduction of the strength of the
bamboo because of the cutting of
the hole.
 BRIEF INTRODUCTION
Rannalhi •Name Of Project : Rannalhi Tourist Resort complex
•Completion : 1996

Tourist Resort •Architect : Ashley De Vos Consultants and Mano Panniah Associate Structure Type : Pitched Roof
Building

Complex •Location : South Male Atoll Maldives

• No Of Floor : 2
Maldives •Area Of Site : 5 Acres
•Structure Material : RCC
•Function : Residential Tourist Beach Resort Type : Rural Maldivian Village
About the site

• Rannalhi resort is the one of the best five star deluxe beach resort of the Maldives city.
• it is located in approximately 35 km across the sea with the natural features to give a complete relaxations and
more comfort for the human life.
• It has won the several award in field of the excellent services & traditional hospitality.
• It has been seen that people more prefer to visit the marine site as it has all the facilities to give the
relaxations in sense of services.
• At the center of the resort all the services has been provided, around it all the room as well as water
bungalows
• , spa, water sport, shop, bar, diving school & restaurant is located.
• It is completely situate around the nature.
• It has been constructed in the local traditional crafts and colors
Site Plan Rooms
Staff Jetty
Rooms
Senior Executives
’ Quarters

Doctor
Water Bungalow

Restaurant

Amphitheatre

Reception

Diving School

Beach Bar Water Sports

Centre Shops
And spa
Cocktail Bar
Rooms Rooms

Arrival Jetty
N
Water Bungalows
 SILENT FEATURE
 It has two entrance for
public & staff.
 Staff area is centrally
located to avoid the
disturbance.
Staff & public movement
has been separated by
means of pedestal
movement

VISUAL & PHYSICAL CONNECTIVITY

• The site is visible from the far place it has

visual connectivity form the all the side.
• Around the private area greenery is
provided as barrier between private or
public area to maintain the privacy.
 Grouping
PUBLI C SEMIPUBLI C
 Entrance  Doctor
 Diving school
 Medical center
 Restaurant
 Water bungalow
 Amphitheater
 Room
 Water sport
 Shop
PRIVATE
 Cocktail bar  Manager office
 Ayurveda spa  Senior
executive
room
 Kitchen
 Staff room
 Utility
 Store
VARIOUS ZONE OF RESORT

ROOMS STAFF JETTY RESTAURANT

BEACH BAR SITE PLAN

LONG PATHWAY

WATER BUNGALOW

DIVING SCHOOL

SP ROOMS WATER SPORT AMPHITHEATE

CONSTRUCTION
• Brick
• Sand

& LAND SCAPE • Concrete

• Rod
MATERIAL • Wood
•Thatch
•Stone
•Timber
• Glass
•Steel
•Tile
•Paving blocks
•Marbles
DETAIL OF CONSTRUCTION VIEW
• It is rcc framed structure which is constructed in
Maldives traditional.
• It has sloping roof, on that has applied thatch to
give traditional look of Maldives.
• As a form of landscape & pedestal
movement
paving block used.
SYNOPSIS
The site OF
haveSITE
two side entry north for staff/services SITE PLAN
& east for guest entry.
 It has several uniqueness in the resort to attract the
tourist such as long path way which lead to the
resort and water bungalows and all.
 it has all the facilities to give the relaxations in
sense of services.
PLANNING ASPECT
 It has linear types of planning. GOOGLE MAP
 Linear form of planning is batter to occupy the site
area.
 This types of form does not keep negative space.
 Huge glass windows has been provided to give
complete view of the nature.
 Balcony has been provided to enjoy the every
moment of the resort.
AESTHETICS APPEARANCE
 The design concept was conceived as a rural Maldivian
village which is giving the traditional look and have superior
in design.
 Aesthetically it has good appearance.
 As per the context of Maldives the building has been
painted a special dark green to visually reduce the scale and
blend.
 All the building having huge glass window and thatch roof
which resist the heat.

DESIGN ANALYSIS
 the resort is constructed in completely Maldives traditional
style.
 All the building having pitched roof and thatch has been
applied to give Maldives
village looks.
 It has all the facilities to spend their leisure time.
 Each room having view of the sea.
 Staff area has been located centrally to avoid the public
movements.
MALDIVIAN HISTORY
• History suggests that the Maldives Islands have been inhabited for more than 3,000 years, perhaps first settled by
travellers on the ancient Silk Route from the Indus Valley civilization.
EVENTS & FESTIVALS
• The Maldives follows the Muslim calendar and the most important festival is Ramadan which is strictly adhered to
in the
Maldives. There are also a number of national days in the calendar but these do not usually affect the resorts.
• Male
Interesting places to visit includes the fish market and the local market at the northern waterfront. Watch ‘dhonis’
unload dried fish, fresh fruits and vegetables from the atolls. The new harbour is located in the south-west corner of
Male.
Friday Mosque
• Built in the 17C, the Huskuru Miskiiy or Friday Mosque served the population of Malé as their main mosque for almost
four centuries, until the Islamic Centre and Grand Friday Mosque took over the function in 1984. Built by Sultan Ibrahim
Iskandhar in 1656, the mosque is a masterpiece of coral curving and traditional workmanship.
The Islamic Centre
• As you approach Malé, you will see one of its famous architectural landmarks - the Islamic Centre with its golden dome.
Music & Dance
• Bodu Beru is the most popular form of music and dance in the country with a Bodu Beru troupe in almost
every inhabited island and is regularly played at functions and festivals.