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Practical Research
Practical Research
Practical Research
Research
What is a research
Research
– In research – 23 components
there are 5
Chapters
Think- pair-share
– When you start to think about your research project, a useful way of
remembering the important questions to ask is to think of the five ‘Ws’:
– X What?
– X Why?
– X Who?
– X Where?
– X When
What?
– Experience
– Authority
– Deductive reasoning
– Inductive reasoning
– Scientific approach
EXPERIENCE
– APPROACHED TO KNOWING.
KNOWLEDGEMENT REQUIRED THAT THE
THINKER OBSERVE NATURE ITSELF, GATHER
PARTICULAR FACTS AND FORMULATE
GENERALIZATRIONS FROM THESE FINDINGS
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
– IMPORTANCE
– METHOD
– PROCESS
– PURPOSE
– LOCALE
ACCORDING TO IMPORTANCE,
RESEARCH IS A BASIC OR APPLIED
– PURE RESEARCH
– APPLIED RESEARCH
– ACTION RESEARCH
ACCORDING TO PURPOSE
Practical Research
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
– 1. INTELLECTUAL CURIOSITY
– 2. PRUDENCE
– 3. HEALTHY CRITICISM
– 4. INTELLECTUAL HONESTY
RESEARCH VS. COMMON SENSE
– Once you have been open and honest about what you
are doing and people have agreed to take part in the
research, it is useful to provide them with a Code of
Ethics. The best time to do this is just before they take
part in a focus group or interview, or just before they fill
in your questionnaire.
SUMMARY
– Our research would not be possible without the help and co-
operation of other people. If we expect people to continue helping
us, we should treat them with honesty and respect.
– Disruption to a participant’s life should be kept to a minimum.
– False hopes or expectations should not be raised.
– Confidential or anonymous data does not enjoy legal privilege.
Chapter 2. The
Research
Problem
TOPIC
OBJECTIVES;
– A title should give readers information about the contents of the paper and is
preferable to one that is vague or general
– Choose a title that is a phrase rather than a complete sentence.
– (Books and Article titles are not complete sentences)
– Choose a straightforward title over others kinds.
– Use no punctuation at the end of a time.
– Do not underline the title of a research or enclose it in quotation marks
WORKSHOPS 1.1
– Preparing your outline is the next step after the identification of the problem.
Every researcher prepares an outline in order to have a general plan or
framework for the research project. It is the most practical method of
organizing the project.it enables the researcher to estimate more accurately the
time, the effort, and the material needed for the project. It helps in ensuring
unity and organization of the whole project. It is a concise plan consisting of the
main topics and subtopics which are arranged in an orderly fashion.
WHICH OUTLINE FORMAT WOULD YOU
LIKE TO USE?
You must take time to think about your research as this will save you problems later.
When you’re thinking about your research, ask yourself the five ‘Ws’:
– What is my research?
– Why do I want to do the research?
– Who are my research participants?
– Where am I going to do the research?
– When am I going to do the research?
– Sum up your research project in one sentence.
Chapter 3 Preparing the
Research Proposal
OBJECTIVES;
Health Axis
Criteria 2 4 7 10
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After you identified your problem which may have come from the
following sources – your specialization, observation, intuitions, or
both. You have to settle first the problem of selecting which problem
to research on.
You may use any of the following criteria as the basis for selecting
your problem: Technical and Personal.
Technical Criteria Personal criteria
Example:
The primary objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that there is a
relationship between salary increase and job satisfaction.
3. Statement of problem question to be answered by the research.
These are sometimes called investigation questions.
Investigative questions are the specific topical questions that you must
resolve in order to achieve your research objective or to test your hypothesis.
Example:
Create your own Statement of the Problem, connected with your proposal
research. Follow the instructions and observe the guidelines.
Criteria 2 4 7 10
Null Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis/ research hypothesis/
theoretical hypothesis
The null hypothesis (H_0) is statement of “ no significant difference”
or of “ no significant relationship between two or more variables or
groups that are to be measured and tested through inferential
statistics”. It is stated in the negative form so it could be treated
statistically.
On the other hand, the alternative hypothesis (H_1) is the reverse
statement of a null hypothesis (Subong, 2005). It states that “ There
is a significant difference…..” or There is a significant relationship….”
In the sleeping disorder study, an example would be:
Sample of a Hypothesis Statement
Hypothesis
The following hypothesis will be tested for acceptance and approval:
H_0: There is no significant difference on the efficiency of nurses with known
sleeping disorders as compared to nurses without sleeping disorders in Ospital ng
Makati in terms of demographic data and patient care.
H_1: There is a significant difference on the efficiency of nurses with known
sleeping disorders as compared to nurses without sleeping disorders in Ospital ng
Makati in terms of demographic data and patient care.
To demonstrate the relationship of the hypotheses to the statement of the
problem, the last research question indicates a question to test the hypothesis
A hypothesis consist of the Independent Variable (IV) and
the Dependent Variable (DV).
It may also consist of one IV and several DVs or vice versa
or both.