Climate changes

Hasibe Malić
1. Introduction:
 2.Climate change

Climate change is a major threat to our

world, but each of us can help fight it and
build a better future.
 3.What is climate change?
 Human activities affect the Earth's climate because they
cause the release of huge amounts of greenhouse gases,
which remain in the Earth's atmosphere along with the gases
that are naturally present in it. These additional greenhouse
gases are mainly produced by the burning of fossil fuels for
energy production, but also by other human activities such
as deforestation, agriculture, cattle breeding and chemical
production. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that
is mostly caused by human activity. These additional gases
intensify the "greenhouse effect" on our planet's atmosphere
and thus cause a rapid increase in the Earth's temperature,
which leads to major climate changes.
 4.Causes
 Factors that influence the shaping of the climate are
called forcing actions. These include such phenomena
as changes in the Sun's thermal radiation, deviation
from the Earth's planetary path or orbit, changing plate
tectonics and continental drift, and changes in the
concentration of greenhouse gases. There is a whole
series of feedbacks of climate factors, which can be
strengthened or weakened. Some parts of the climate
system, such as the oceans and ice sheets, because of
their huge masses, are less responsive to climate
change, so they need a longer time to respond,
sometimes a century or more.
 5.Solar thermal radiation

 The sun is the main source of energy on Earth. Both long-term and short-term
changes in the strength of the Sun's thermal radiation affect climate change. 3 to 4
million years ago, the Sun radiated only 70% of today's power. Nevertheless, in the
Hadian (3.8 - 4.6 million years ago) and Archaic (2.5 - 3.8 billion years ago) there
was water, according to the evidence found, and yet there was a "contradiction of
the weakness of the young Sun" . According to that theory, the Earth's atmosphere
was completely different, first of all without oxygen, so greenhouse gases existed in
a much higher concentration. Over time, the power of the Sun's radiation increased,
and 2.4 billion years ago oxygen suddenly appeared in the atmosphere and the
climate was much more similar to today's .
6.Climate system

Atmosphere - envelope around the Earth's surface

consisting of gases and solid and liquid particles
(aerosol)
 Hydrosphere – oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, surface
and underground waters
 Cryosphere - glaciers, sea ice, ice in rivers and
lakes, frozen ground, snow
 Soil - whose characteristics such as relief, soil
type and vegetation define the interaction with
other components of the climate system
Biosphere - living things on Earth.