Heat of Vaporization and

Heat of Fusion
Thermochemistry
• It is the study of the heat energy which is associated with
chemical reactions and/or phase changes such as melting and
boiling.
• Focuses on the energy exchange between a system and its
surroundings in the form of heat.
• It is useful in predicting reactant and product quantities
throughout the course of a given reaction. In combination with
entropy determinations, it is also used to predict whether a
reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous, favorable or
unfavorable.
Endothermic and Exothermic Reaction
Endothermic Reaction is a chemical or physical process that absorbs heat from its
surroundings.
Latent Heat
• It is energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic
system, during a constant-temperature process usually a first-
order phase transition, like melting or condensation.
• Latent heat can be understood as hidden energy which is supplied
or extracted to change the state of a substance without changing
its temperature or pressure. This includes the latent heat of fusion
(solid to liquid), the latent heat of vaporization (liquid to gas) and
the latent heat of sublimation (solid to gas)
• The term was introduced around 1762 by Scottish chemist Joseph
Black.
Heat of Fusion
• Heat of fusion, also called enthalpy of fusion or latent heat of fusion,
is a quantity of energy needed to melt or freeze a substance under
conditions of constant pressure.
• When studying chemistry, “fusion” simply has the same definition as
melting.
• For instance, water has a heat of fusion of 334 J/g at its melting point
of 0oC. This means that, at 0oC one gram of liquid water must release
334 Joules of energy to completely freeze into ice. Also, one gram of
ice must absorb 334 Joules of energy to completely melt at 0 oC.
Formula:
Sample Problem #1
What is the heat in Joules required to melt 25 grams of ice?
What is the heat in calories?
Given: Required: Solution:
Answer:
m= 25 g of ice a. Q= mL
a. Q=?
Hf = 334 J/g or 80 cal/g
b. Q in cal.
Q= (25 g) (334 J/g) a. 8350 J
Q= 8350 J
Note:
b. Q=mL b. 2000 cal
1 J/g = 0.238846 cal/g Q=(25 g) (80 cal/g)
1 cal/g = 4.1868 J/g Q= 2000 cal
Sample Problem #2
If it takes 41000 joules of heat to melt 200 grams solid copper to liquid
copper, what is the heat of fusion of copper?

Given: Required: Solution:

Answer:
𝑄
Q= 41,000 J L=? L= 205 J/g
𝑚
41,000 𝐽
m= 200 g L=
200 𝑔
𝐽
L= 205 𝑔
 Sample Problem #3
How much heat energy is given out when 500 g of steam at
100oK condenses and then cools to 50oK. (For Specific Heat
capacity of water= 4,200 J/kg oK and Specific latent heat of
evaporation of water= 2.26 MJ/kg)
Required: Solution:

Given: Q1=mL
QT
m= 500 g (Converted to 0.50 kg) Q1= (0.50 kg) (2.26 x106 J/kg)

Ti= 50 K
o Q1= 1,130, 000 J

Tf= 100oK
Continuation:
Q2= mc∆T Answer:
Q2= (0.50 kg) ( 4,200 J/kg oK)( 100oK-50oK) Q1= 1,130, 000 J
Q2= (2100 J/ oK) ( 50oK) Q2= 105,000 J
Q2= 105,000 J QT= 1,235,000 J
QT= Q1 + Q2
QT= 1,130, 000 J + 105,000 J
QT= 1,235,000 J
Heat of Vaporization
• It is defined as the amount of heat needed to turn 1g of a
liquid into a vapor, without a rise in the temperature of the
liquid.
• It is known as the (latent) heat of vaporization or heat
of evaporation.
• The enthalpy of vaporization is often quoted for the
normal boiling temperature of the substance.
Formula
𝑄
HV=
𝑚
Where:
Hv= Heat of Vaporization
Q= Heat
m= mass
Sample Problem #1
Consider the heat of vaporization for H2O as 2357 J/g,
what will be the total amount of energy required in the
vaporization of 145 g H2O?
Given: Reqd Solution: Answer
Hv= 2357 J/g Q Q= (HV) (m) Q= 341,765 J
m= 145 g H20 Q= (2357 J/g) (145 g)
Q= 341,765 J
Sample Problem #2
Calculate the heat (in joules) required to transform 25 g of water into steam. Also,
mention the heat required (in calories) for the same.
Heat of vaporization of water = 2257 J/g = 540 cal/g
Solution: Answer:
Given: Reqd:
a.Q = Hv × m a.QJ=56,425 J
m= 25 g a.Q in Joules (J) Q= (2257 J/g) (25 g) b. Qcal=13,500 cal
Hv= 2257 J/g or 540 cal/g
b.Q in Calories (cal) Q= 56,425 J

b.Q = Hv × m
Q= (540 cal/g) (25 g)
Q= 13,500 cal