GLYCOLYSIS

A small topic from Respiration in Plants (Class XI)

 HISTORY
• It was discovered by 3 German scientists Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and J. Parnas. So it is
known as the EMP pathway.
• Common pathway
• Term glycolysis originated from
Greek words, glycos for sugar
and lysis for splitting.
 WHAT IS GLYCOLYSIS?

• First stage in the breakdown of glucose or splitting of sugar .

• In anaerobic organisms, it is the only process in respiration.
• It occurs in cytoplasm of the cell.
• Glucose undergoes partial oxidation to form two molecules of pyruvic acid.
• In plants this glucose is derived from sucrose or from storage carbohydrates. Sucrose is
converted into glucose and fructose by the enzyme invertase and these two monosaccharides can
readily enter the glycolytic pathway.
 STEPS OF GLYCOLYSIS

1. Phosphorylation
2. Isomerisation
3. Phosphorylation
4. Splitting
5. Dehydrogenation and Phosphorylation
6. Dephosphorylation (ATP formation)
7. Isomerisation
8. Dehydration
9. Dephosphorylation (ATP formation)
 C6H1206 (Glucose)
ATP  ADP Hexokinase
Glucose-6-phosphate
Phosphoglucoisomerase
Fructose-6-phosphate
ATP  ADP Phosphofructokinase
Fructose 1,6- phosphate

Phospho-trioseisomerase Adolase
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate/ 3-phosphate glyceraldehyde/ Triose phosphate
Trose phosphate
NAD+  Glyceraldehyde phosphate
NADH + H+ dehydrogenase
1,3-bisphosphoglyceric acid
ADP  ATP Phosphoglycerate kinase
 3-Phosphoglyceric acid
Phosphoglyceratemutase
2 x 2-Phosphoglycerate
<-- H20 Enolase
2 x Phosphoenol pyruvate
<-- ATP Pyruvate kinase
2 x Pyruvic acid
 Sucrose
Invertase
Glucose + Fructose

Phosphorylated by hexokinase
Glucose-6-phosphate
Isomerises
Fructose-6-phosphate
 NET PRODUCT

• Two molecules of ATP are consumed during the double phosphorylation of glucose to form
fructose 1,6-diphosphate
• In return four molecules of ATP are produced by substrate-level phosphorylation and two
molecules of NADH2 are formed at the time of oxidation.
• C6H12O6 + 2NAD+ + 1ADP + 2H3PO4  2C3H3O3 + 2NADH + 2H+ +2ATP

• Two molecules of NADH + H+ on oxidation produce 6 molecules of ATP.

• Therefore a net gain of 8ATP molecules occurs during glycolysis.
THANK YOU