HISTORY

PRESENTATION
PRESENTER-
BHANUPRATAP OJHA
ROLL NO.-20
JATINDRANATH MUKHARJEE
AKA
BAGHA JATIN
 EARLY LIFE
• Born on December 8, 1879 as Jatindranath Mukherji, at Kushtia now in Bangladesh.
• Father-Sharat Shashi and Mother- Umeschandra Mukherji.
• Lost his father early(1884) , and was brought up by his mother, a gifted poetess herself.
• Lived in Sadhuhati with his Mother, elder sister and maternal uncle who was a lawyer as
well as a teacher.
• Passed the Entrance examination in 1895 from Anglo-vernacular School (A.V. School),
Krishnanagar.
• Joined Calcutta Central College (now Khudiram Bose College), to study Fine Arts.
• He gained a reputation for physical bravery and great strength.
• Was fond of physical sports and enacting religious plays, himself playing the
roles of god-loving characters like Prahlad, Dhruva, Hanuman, Raja Harish
Chandra.
• His mother taught him bhagwat geeta and mahabharat.
• In his collage days he was a social worker and was associated with Ramkrishna
Mission.
• He met sister Nivedita, Irish disciple of Swami Vivekanand. And also met
Swami Vivekanand.
• Greatly Influenced by Swamiji.
• The Master taught him raise a batch of young volunteers "with iron muscles and
nerves of steel“.
 • He had qualities of leadership,and a
Khudiram Bose College reputation of being a Brahmachari
with no thought beyond the
CURRENT PIC revolutionary cause.
• Swami Vivekananda sent Jatin to the
Gymnasium of Ambu Guha where he
himself had practised wrestling.
• Jatin left for Muzaffarpore in 1899
and worked as, secretary of
barrister Pringle Kennedy, founder
and editor of the Trihoot Courrier.
 Later Life

Marriage:
• In 1900, Jatin married Indubala Banerjee
of Kumarkhali upazila in Kushtia.
• they had four children: Atindra (1903–1906),
Ashalata (1907–1976), Tejendra (1909–1989),
and Birendra (1913–1991).
• Struck by Atindra’s death, Jatin, with his wife
and sister, set out on a pilgrimage.
• Recovered their inner peace by receiving
initiation from the saint Bholanand Giri of
Hardwar.
 • In august 1903 he was hired by Wheeler, a
friend of Barrister Kenedy as a finance
secretary.
Sir Aurobindo Ghosh
• In 1903 he met Sir Aurobindo Ghosh. Started
working with him.
• Worked as a double agent.
• Target-to pursuade indian soldiers in british
army for insurrection.
• In july 1905 ,the viceroy Lord Curzon
announced partition of Bengal.
• Prince of Wales came to India. for a tour. Saw
Bagha Jatin fight.
• In 1906 plague hit again and his 1st born died.
• Swamiji sent him o meet Sir Hiram Stevens Maxim (An American
inventer). He is the creator of the first automatic machine gun, the Maxim
gun.
 Title Bagha Jatin
• Returned to his native village Koya in March
1906.
• Learned about the disturbing presence of a
leopard in the vicinity.
• While scouting in the nearby jungle, he came
across a Royal Bengal tiger and fought hand-
to-hand with it.
• Wounded, he managed to strike with a Gorkha
dagger (Khukuri) on the tiger's neck, killing it
instantly.
• Dr. Sarbadhikari was impressed and published
an article about Jatin in the English press.
• Awarded a silver shield by Govt. of Bengal
with the scene of him killing the tiger
engraved on it.
 Background

• In 1902 Anushilan Samiti was estabilished.

JUGANTAR:
• Jugantar was first seen in 1907. Its publishing was done by Barindra
Ghosh and Bhupendranath Dutta.
• The language in its publishings were very offensive and inflammatory.
• In 1906 Calcutta session was held ,headed by Dadabhai Naoroji. Aimed
for “Swaraj”.
• Barindranath Ghosh and Bagha Jatin set up a bomb factory in Deoghar.
• Bagha jatin estabilished Bandhav Samiti. To spread rage against British.
• Estabilished various groups near Darjeeling.
• Barindranath along with prafulla chaki and charuchandra dutt planned to
kill Lt. governor Frazer. Failed.
• After the announcement of Bengal partition(1905). Massive outrage.
Magistrate Douglas Kingsford gave very cruel punishments to the
protesters.
• Jugantar planned to kill him. Assigned to Khudiram Bose and Prafulla
Chaki.they failed and instead accidently killed Barr. Pringley’s wife and
daughter. KB was captured and hanged (Aug1908 ), PC escaped but killed
himself.
 Revolutionary activities

• Estabilished a chemical factory in Krishnagar. Made potassium

cynide(poison), which was carried by every member.
Howrah Sibpur conspiracy case:
• Refers to the arrest of 47 bengali nationalists of the Anushilan Samiti,that
followed the murder of Inspecter Shamsul Alam (24 Jan1910) in Calcutta.
• Shamsul Alam was investigated for murder of
1.Naren Gosain(crown witness of Alipore bomb case).
2.Ashutosh Biswas(adv. of Calcutta HC, incharge of prosecution of
Gosain murder case.
3.Naren Banerjee(police officer who arrested Khudiram bose).
• It was a decentralised planning and thus the prosecution failed to link it
with samiti as unifying organisation.
• 33 of the accused were aquitted. Jatin Mukharjee and Narendranath
Bhattachargee. were among the convicted ,were sentenced to 1 year
imprisonment. Jatin was acquitted (Feb 1911) but lost his job.
 1911-1914
(His acquittal – WW I)

• During the German Crown Prince's visit to Calcutta, Jatin met him and received a
promise about arms supply.
• Started a contract business constructing the Jessore–Jhenaidah railway line.
• Jatin with his family set out on a pilgrimage, and at Haridwar visited his
Guru, Bholananda Giri.
• Jatin went on to Brindavan where he met Swami Niralamba (Jatindra Nath
Banerjee.
• Niralamba gave information about links to the units set up by him in Punjab and
Uttar Pradesh.
• Met Rasbehari Bose and his associate Lala Hardayal.
• Jatin started reorganising Jugantar.
• During the Damodar flood in 1913, Rash Bihari Bose was drawn by jatins
relief work and left Banaras to join Jatin.
• At the close of 1913, Bose met Jatin to discuss the possibilities of an All-
India armed rising.
• Impressed by Jatin's "fiery energy and personality", Bose renewed
negotiation to organise the scattered forces.
• The Sikh community also became involved in the movement.
 WW I
• World War I broke out, in September 1914.
• an International Pro-India Committee was formed at Zürich. form the Berlin
Committee, or the Indian Independence Committee, led by Virendranath
Chattopadhyaya.
• It gained the support of the German government and aso form leaders of
Ghadar Party.
• Militants of the Ghadar Party started leaving for India with the help of arms,
ammunition, and funds promised by the German government
• These efforts were directly connected with the Jugantar, under Jatin's
leadership.
• Rash Behari Bose assumed the task of carrying out the plan in Uttar
Pradesh and Punjab.
• Jatin stole 50 Mouser Pistols and 46000 rounds of bullets from “Rodda
and Company”(A british companty ,factory setup in Calcutta).
• Jatin distrbuted 45 of the 50 Mouser pistols in 9 groups and instructed
them to use the pistols only to collect funds.
• Jugantar started to collect funds by organising a series of dacoities (armed
robberies) known as "Taxicab dacoities" and "Boat dacoities“
• In Punjab the 23rd cvelry soldiers killed their own british officers. Failed
because of a traitor (Kripal Singh).
• Rash Bihari Bose managed to escape to Japan.
 THE PLAN
• Jugantar members suggested that Jatin should move to a safer place.
• Balasore on the Odisha coast was selected as it was near the spot where
German arms are to be landed for the Indian rising.
• "Universal Emporium" was set up, as a branch of Harry & Sons in Calcutta,
which had been created for keeping contacts with revolutionaries abroad.
• Jatin, therefore, moved to a hideout outside Kaptipada village in the native
state of Mayurbhanj.
• Jatin sent Naren Bhattacharya (future M. N. Roy) to Batavia, following
instructions from Chatto, to make a deal with the German authorities
concerning financial aid and the supply of arms.
 Jatin's death

• A Czech spy, Emanual Victor Voska knew Jatin’s plan and leaked it to the
British.
• British raided Harry and Sons, which Jatin had set up as a front, for smuggling
in the arms, and soon traced his location to Kaptipada village.
• Jatin was hiding at Kaptipada, with his fellow companians, Chittapriya Ray
Chaudhari, Manoranjan Sengupta, Niren and Jatish – caused a delay.
• Police reached Kaptipada, with a large contingent, along with an army unit
from Chandbali, cutting off all escape routes for Jatin and his fellow associates.
• For two days, Jatin along with his companians fled through the thick forests of
Mayurbhanj, before reaching Balasore station.
• However tempted by the reward for capture of the five “bandits”
announced by the British, the local villagers, informed the police.
• Finally on September 9, 1915, Jatin and his associates took up position in
a small trench at Chashakhand near Balasore.
• For 75 minutes, Jatin and his four associates armed with just Mauser
pistols, held out against a much larger fully armed military force assisted
by police contingent.
• It was one of the most heroic resistance ever, as Jatin fought to the end
like a tiger.
• Chittapriya died in the firing, Jatin was severely wounded, while
Manoranjan and Niren ran out of ammunition and were captured.
• Bagha Jatin himself severely wounded was taken to the Government
hospital in Balasore.
• On September 10, 1915, the man who fought and killed a tiger with bare
hands, Jatindranath Mukherji, aka Bagha Jatin was no more, dying of the
bullet wounds he received.

Charles Tegart also claimed that had Bagha Jatin been an Englishman, his
statue would be right up there along with Lord Nelson’s in Trafalgar
Square.
Jatin expressed his ideals in simple words: "Amra morbo, jagat jagbe" —
"We shall die to awaken the nation”.

Tegart admitted: "Their driving power (...) immense: if the army could be
raised or the arms could reach an Indian port, the British would lose the
War“.
A Czech officer Ross Hedwig said
“If it wasn’t for Voska ,no one would have ever heard the name of Mahatma
Gandhi and Bagha Jatin would be known as father of India”.
THANK YOU