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 GSM
BTS ANTENNA

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 OBJECTIVES
• To know GSM Antenna specifications and
definitions

• To identify the difference between space

and polarization diversity

• To comprehend the structure of the

antenna system in a BTS Site

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 RADIO WAVES
• Is a form of electromagnetic radiation typically generated
as disturbances sent out by oscillating charges on a
transmitting antenna

Bla h bla h
b la h b l a h

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 ANTENNA

An Antenna is any device

used to collect or radiate
Electromagnetic Waves

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 ANTENNA for MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS

• Linear antennas are used:

– Monopole (Slab)
– Dipole Elements

• Array of dipoles

• Single Monopole
• Patch Antenna
Base Tranceiver
Station Antenna
Mobile Phones

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 ANTENNA ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

• Operating Frequency Band

• Input impedance
• VSWR
• Polarization
• Gain
• Radiation Pattern
• Horizontal/Vertical beamwidth
• Downtilt
• Front/back ratio
• Sidelobe suppression and nul
l filling
• Power capability
• 3rd order Intermodulation
• Insulation
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 ANTENNA MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

• Size
• Weight
• Radome material
• Appearance and color
• Working temperature
• Storage temperature
• Windload
• Connector types
• Package Size
• Lightning Protection

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 ANTENNA BASIC STRUCTURE

• Antenna are generally composed of

stacked of dipole bundling their radiated
power to form a desired antenna pattern
in vertical plains around the antenna

• Depending on the gain desired that

wants to be achieved several of those
diploes can be arranged on top of one
another

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 GENERATION OF RADIO WAVES

DIPOLES
Wavelength
1/4 Wavelength

1/2 Wavelength

1/4 Wavelength
1/2 Wavelength
Dipole

1800MHz ： 166mm
900MHz ： 333mm

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 HALF WAVE DIPOLE

1 个 dipole Multiple dipole matrix

Received Power ： 1mW Received Power ： 4 mW

GAIN= 10log(4mW/1mW) = 6dBd

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 ISOTROPIC ANTENNA

Antenna
(Overlook

“Omnidirectional array” “Sector antenna”

Received power ： 1mW Received power ： 8mW

Gain=10log(8mW/1mW) = 9dBi

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 dBd and dBi GAIN COMPARISON

Ideal radiating dot source

(lossless radiator) 2.15dB

0dBd = 2.15dBi

Dipole

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 dBd and dBi GAIN COMPARISON

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 ANTENNA ARRAYS

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 GSM ANTENNA FREQUENCY RANGE

Type Frequency Range

GSM 900 890 - 960 MHz
GSM 1800 1710 - 1880 MHz
890 - 960 MHz
GSM Dual Band
1710 - 1880 MHz

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 GSM ANTENNA FREQUENCY RANGE

at at
Optimum 1/2 wavelength
890 960
for dipole at 925MHz
MHz MHz
Antenna
Dipole

BANDWIDTH = 960 - 890 = 70MHz

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 IMPEDANCE

Standard Value: 50

Antenna
Cable
50 ohms
50 ohms

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 VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO (VSWR)

Forward: 10W

50 ohms 80
ohms 9.5 W
Backward: 0.5W

Return Loss ： 10log(10/0.5) = 13dB

VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)

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 VOLTAGE STANDING WAVE RATIO (VSWR)

• VSWR1.5
•  = (VSWR-1)/(VSWR+1)
• RetureLoss = -20lg 

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 BEAMWIDTH

3dB Beamwidth 10dB Beamwidth

Peak - 3dB Peak - 10dB

60° (eg) Peak 120° (eg) Peak

Peak - 3dB Peak - 10dB

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 3dBm HORIZONTAL BEAMWIDTH
• Directional Antenna ： 65°/90°/105°/120°
• Omni ： 360°
Omni-directional Directional

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 3dBm VERTICAL BEAMWIDTH

Omni-directional Directional

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 BEAMWIDTH

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 ANTENNA STRUCTURE TYPES

Omni-directional Directional

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 RADIATION PATTERN

Typical Flat-Panel
Antenna

Typical Omni
Antenna
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 TWO TYPES OF DIVERSITY

1. SPACE DIVERSITY

2. POLARIZATION DIVERSITY

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 POLARIZATION

Vertical Horizontal

+ 45degree slant - 45degree slant

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 SPACE DIVERSITY

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 POLARIZATION DIVERSITY

V/H (Vertical/Horizontal) Slant (+/- 45°)

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 TYPES OF ANTENNA

Linear Polarization,vertical
X Polarization, 45

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 ANTENNA DOWN TILT

• Mechanical down tilt

• Fixed electronic down tilt

• Adjustable electronic down tilt

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 MECHANICAL DOWN TILT

• It is achieved by physically tilting the

antenna out of the perpendicular by
using down tilt kit
• PROS: Cost efficient and flexible
• CON: Has no effect on the side-lobe
characteristics of the antenna

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 ELECTRICAL DOWN TILT
Input Signal

• Electrical downtilt can be fixed or switchable

• Fixed is tuned by the manufacturer
• Switchable allows adjustment in a certain lever on
the rear of the antenna

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 ELECTRICAL DOWN TILT

Non down tilt Electronic downtilt Mechanical

downtilt

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 ELECTRICAL DOWN TILT

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 ELECTRICAL DOWN TILT

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 ANTENNA TILT DEVELOPMENT

Broad band
Multifunctional
High Integrity

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 ANTENNA TILT DEVELOPMENT

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 FRONT-TO-BACK RATIO

Ratio of maximum mainlobe to maximum sidelobe

Back power Front power

F/B = 10 log(FP/BP) typically ： 25dB

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 UPPER SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION AND
NULL FILL

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 UPPER SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION AND
NULL FILL

Gain reduction as a function of (vertical angle)

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 INTERMODULATION (IM)

• It occurs when two signals of a different frequency mix in a non-

linear device
• It can be a problem at any site that has two or more transmitters
•It can be caused by a transmitter of the same system or by a
transmitter in another site that is co-sited or has a site in the
neighborhood

IMD@243dBm
f1, f2, 2f1-f2, 2f2-f1

913 MHz 936 MHz 959 MHz 982 MHz

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 PERMITTED POWER

• Continuous :25-1500 watts

• Peak value:n2p

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 ISOLATION

10log(1000mW/1mW) = 30dB

1000mW ( 1W) 1mW

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 ANTENNA MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES

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 DIMENSIONS

• LWH
– Length ： connected with vertical
bandwidth and gain
– Width ： connected with horizontal
bandwidth
– Height ： connected with techniques
adopted

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 WEIGHT
• A factor that can affect transmission and
deployment

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 RADOME MATERIAL

• PVC, Fiberglass
• Anti-temperature, water-
proof ， anti-aging ， weather
resistant

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 COLOR
• Good-looking
• Environment-protecting

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 COLOR

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 TEMPERATURE RANGE

OPERATING AND STORAGE

•Typical range ： -40°C — +70°C

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 CONNECTOR TYPE

• 7/16”DIN ， N ， SMA
• Female/male

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 MAST

• Mast diameter 45-90mm

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 LIGHTNING PROTECTION

• Direct Ground

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 ANTENNA TYPES

By frequency band: GSM900, GSM1800, GSM900/1800

By polarization: Vertical, Horizontal, ±45º linear
polarization, circle polarization
By pattern: Omni-directional, directional
By down-tilt: Non, mechanical, electronic
adjustment, remote control
By function: Transmission, receiving, transceiving

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 MULTIPLE BAND ANTENNA

– 870-960MHz and 1710-1880MHz

– Extended band option with 806-
960MHz
– Dual slant ±45º polarization
– 65º horizontal beamwidth
– Band independent Teletilt™ control
– 17dBi gain in both bands
– Diplexed or Non-Diplexed versions
– Mechanical downtilt mounting option

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 FEEDER

7/8” MAIN FEEDER

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 JUMPER CABLE

1/2” （ JUMPER CABLE ）

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 CONNECTOR

7/16”DIN-F （ DIN CONNECTOR ）

7/16”DIN-M （ DIN & N CONNECTOR ）

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 LIGHTNING ARRESTOR

Rf port 2

Grounding

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 ACCESSORIES

• Trimming Tool or Hand Tool Kit

• Clamp
• Earthing Kit
• Wall Glands
• Hoisting Stocking
• Universal Ground Bar

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 ANTENNA SYSTEM
Antenna

7/16 Din
1/2 Clamp Connector

1/2 Jumper

Tower Top 7/8“ Cable

Amplifier

7/8“ Cable
Grounding

Machine house

1/2“ Jumper Grounding clip

EMP

Grounding bar
Cabinet
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ZTE University www.univ.zte.com.c
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