KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Ministry of Education
ING ABDULAZIZ UNIVERSITY
Faculty of science
Microbiology Dept.

The first term for

2022

Krebs cycle‫ـــــــــــ‬
BIO336
Supervised by: DR. Buthinh Ali Al-Aidroos.
Done by: Rana Hassan Mahboub
1906013 “GAR”
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Krebs cycle Transition phase &

01 History & definition of
02 steps
krebs cycles. The transition phase & The krebs
cycle diagram and steps.
Production of
03 the cycle 04 Summary
What is produced in the Table that outlined the
Krebs cycle and where it Krebs cycle.
goes?
 01
Krebs cycle
 Definition of Krebs cycle

 The Krebs  In eukaryotes

cycle was 1 3 Krebs cycle
discovered in takes place
1937 by Hans Inside the
 Adolf
A series of enzyme
Krebs  mitochondrial
The Krebs
catalyzed chemical
reactions that form 2 4 matrix.also
cycle,
known as the
a key part of
citric acid cycle
aerobic respiration
or the
The transition phase
02
&
the krebs cycle steps
 Transition phase
 The transition reaction
connects glycolysis to the
citric acid (Krebs) cycle.

Figure:2
 converts the two pyruvate
from glycolysis into two
molecules of the 2-carbon
molecule acetyl Coenzyme A
(acetyl-CoA) and 2
8Step
steps
1: of Krebs
Acetyl CoAcycle
joins with
oxaloacetate to form citrate.
Step 2: Citrate is converted to
isocitrate (an isomer of citrate)
Step 3: Isocitrate is oxidized to
alpha-ketoglutarate which results in
the release of carbon dioxide. One
NADH molecule is formed. By using
isocitrate dehydrogenase.
Step 4: Alpha-ketoglutarate is
oxidized then it binds to coenzyme
A, forming succinyl CoA. A second
 Step 5: Succinyl CoA is then
8converted
steps of Krebs cycle and
to succinate
one GTP molecule is produced.
Step 6: Succinate is converted
into fumarate and a molecule
of FADH₂ is produced.
Step 7: Fumarate is converted
to malate .
Step 8: Malate is then converted
into oxaloacetate. The third
molecule of NADH is also
Figure 1:
 03
Production of
the cycle
 Production of the cycle
All the NADH
Each01turn of 02
and FADH
the cycle will connect with
forms ““3 the last portion
NADH , 1 of aerobic
FADH , 1 respiration
GTP/ATP”” (ETC) to
produce ATP
 04
Summary table
about the Krebs
cycle
 Major
Processes Location Inputs Outputs
function
Pyruvate
oxidation
Krebs cycle
 Major
Processes Location Inputs Outputs
function
Pyruvate Convert pyruvate 2 pyruvate 2 Acetyl CoA
Mitochondrion to acetyl CoA for 2 CoA 2 Co
oxidation citric acid cycle 2 NAD+ 2 NADH

Completes glucose 4 Co
Mitochondrial oxidation…yields 2 ATP
Krebs cycle Matrix energy rich
2 Acetyl CoA
6 NADH
molecules 2 FADH
THANKS!
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 REFERENCE
Text Fuigers
● Alabduladhem TO, Bordoni B. Physiology, Krebs
Cycle. [Updated 2021 Feb 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet].
● Fraser, D., & DiGiuseppe, M. (2012). Nelson Biology 12.
Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 .
university preparation. Nelson Education.

● Sector, M. P., Moat, A. G., Foster, J. W., & Spector, M. P.

● Avissar, Y., Choi, J., DeSaix, J., Jurukovski, V., Wise, R.,
(2002). Microbial Physiology, 4th Edition (4th ed.).
Wiley-Liss. Rye, C., & O. (2013). Biology (1st ed.). OpenStax.

● Holley, D. (2017). GENERAL BIOLOGY I: Molecules,

Cells and Genes. Dog Ear Publishing, LLC.