Alba Castro

Global
warming,
Disaster Risk
Reduction, and
Management
Awareness
 Learning
Objectives
At the end of this chapter, the learners are expected to:
1.explain global warming and its causes, effects, and solutions;
2.enumerate the government agencies involved in disaster management and
their respective roles; and
3.express commitment to help calamity victims
 Overview
This chapter deals with global warming, climate change, disaster and its management, natural
hazards and their management, emergency preparedness, disaster prevention and mitigation, as
well as land-use planning (risk zoning), its operating policies, and contribution in disaster
management.
 GLOBAL
WARMING
Human exploitation of the environment
leads to the increasing amount of carbon
dioxide traps the sun’s heat and causes the
Earth to warm up. Global warming is “an
increase in the average temperature of
the Earth’s atmosphere” (Markham, 2009).
 GLOBAL
WARMING
The Philippines is located at the circum-
Pacific “Belt (or Ring) of Fire” and is always
subject to natural calamities like typhoons,
tornadoes, earthquakes, droughts, tsunamis,
and volcnaic eruptions, which resulted in
the loss of lives and destruction of
properties.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
It is the build-up of greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere, significantly changing
the normal or expected weather patterns
and conditions in specific regions of the
Earth.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
These destructive consequences may not come in an
instant, but their pernicious effects are gradually felt as time
goes by. Floods, droughts, and extreme weather conditions
are slowly creeping in and becoming more frequent. Sea
levels are arising as polar ice caps are melting because of
the warmer temperature. Plants and animals that cannot
adapt to this change suffer and die.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
Global warming remains an active field of research, but the
scientific consensus identifies greenhouse gases as its main
cause. Major natural greenhouse gases ar water vapor,
carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone. Adding carbon dioxide
(CO2) or methane (CH4) to the Earth’s atmosphere makes
the planet’s surface warmer. Greenhouse gases create a
natural greenhouse effect on the Earth.
CLIMATE
CHANGE
Human activities increase the greenhouse effect. These
include:
1.Burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, leading to
higher concentrations of carbon dioxide.
2.Livestock and paddy rice farming, land use and wetland
changes, pipeline losses, and covered vented
landfill emissions leading to higher methane
atmospheric concentrations. Many modern-style, fully
vented septic systems that enhance and target the
fermentation process are major sources of atmospheric
methane
CLIMATE
CHANGE
Human activities increase the greenhouse effect. These
include:
3, Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in refrigeration
systems, fire suppression systems, and manufacturing
processes
4. Agricultural activities, including the use of fertilizers,
that lead to higher nitrous oxide concentrations.
Greenhouse gas emissions from various industries,
transportation, and agriculture have played a major role in
global warming.
 Effects of
Global
Warming
Global warming effects both the natural environment
and human life. While changes are expected for overall
patterns, intensity, and frequencies, it is difficult or
impossible to attribute specific events such as Typhoon
Ondoy in 2009 to global warming.
 Solutions to
Global
Warming
Here are some ways to help minimize global
warming:
1. Purchase energy-efficient cars.
2. Buy more appliances with the energy star label.
3.Replace incandescent light bulbs with
compact fluorescents which use a third to a
quarter of the electricity and last ten times
 Solutions to
Global
Warming
Here are some ways to help minimize global warming:
4.Employ house weatherization which requires as
little heat and air conditioning as possible.
5.Talk to the community leaders and association
boards about planting more trees, building more
walkways and bike paths, and providing better public
transportation.
DISASTER
According to Dr. Renato U. Solidum Jr., disaster is
characterized by several elements namely, hazards, risks,
people or community, and vulnerability. Hazard (H) or the
physical impact of the disturbance, either man-made or
natural, is heightened by the amount of risk (R) to the
people and community. Moreover, the degree of the
vulnerability (V) of all involved further fuels thr magnitude of
a disaster. This is presented in the disaster equation as
follows:

H x R + V = Disaster
 Disaster
Management

Disaster management is important in dealing with

man- made and natural disasters. Natural Disasters
are inevitable. However, with modern technology,
communities can prepare and minimize the damage
to lives and properties.
 Disaster
Management
There are five reasons for this situation:
1.Rapid population growth.
2.Concentration of population in high-risk areas like
floodplains, landslide-prone slopes, and seismic zones
3.Destruction of marshes by real estate developers.
4. Man-made destruction, example deforestation which
has lessened the ecosystems’ resilience to disaster
5.Inceasing poverty leading to substandard housing (not
typhoon-
resistant)
Natural Hazards
Natural Hazards “are elements of the physical environment
that are harmful to man and caused by extraneous forces”
(Solidum, 2012). It pertains to all atmospheric,
hydrologic, geologic (especially seismic and volcanic),
and wildfire phenomena that, because of their location,
severity, and frequency, have the potential to affect
humans, their structures, or their activities adversely. The
qualifier “natural” eliminates such exclusively man-made
phenomena like war, pollution, and chemical
contamination. Hazards to human beings not necessarily
related to the physical environment are the infectious
 Hazard
Management
Hazard management is the process by which the
government makes plans which consist of policies,
projects, and supportive actions to guide economic,
social, and spatial development over a period of time. The
activities included in the process are designed to reduce
loss of life and destruction of property. Natural hazard
management has often been conducted independently of
development planning.
 Hazard
Management
The natural hazard management process is divided into pre-
event measures, actions during and immediately following an
event, and post-disaster measures. In
chronological order, they are as follows: approximate
1.Disaster Mitigation
2.Natural Hazard Assessment
3.Natural Hazard Prediction
 Emergency
Preparedness
Solidum also emphasizes that the two levels of preparedness
can be identified: public safety information and hazard
awareness planning. Hazard information and education
programs can improve public preparedness and social
conduct during a disaster.

Disaster Preparedness promotes the development of a

system for monitoring known hazards, a warning system,
emergency and evacuation plans, emergency routes, and the
formulation of educational programs for public officials and
professionals.
1.
Prevention Key Players
2.Mitigation
in Disaster
3.Preparedness Management
4.Response
5.Recovery
6.Rehabilitation
 The Philippines has a unique
local
governance system of barangays
Conclusions whose primary function is to plan and
implement government policies,
plans, programs, projects, and
activities in the community. The
locals are rich in knowledge about
their community and have ready
solutions to problems at hand.
Thanks