The united state of America (usa)

vs. philippines
Prepared by: darwin e. bacsal
 Objectives
Expectations and Outcomes
To define and understand the objective, ideologies and philosophies, structure,
curriculum, teaching methodologies, assessment and evaluation, educational programs
for various level, and trends of education of USA and Philippines;
To understand and analyze the objective, ideologies and philosophies, structure,
curriculum, teaching methodologies, assessment and evaluation, educational programs
for various level, and trends of education of USA and Philippines;

To appreciate the value of objective, ideologies and philosophies, structure, curriculum,
teaching methodologies, assessment and evaluation, educational programs for various
level, and trends of education of USA and Philippines.
English Class | Laredo York Primary School
 Objective of Education in USA
To Develop a Sense of World Citizenship:
Mutual contacts are developing fast in
this scientific age. The citizens of a country
are coming into contact with others in one
respect or other.
 Objective of Education in USA
To Develop a Sense of Co-operation:
In the public sphere, there are people of
different talents. They require human virtues for
closer co-operation amongst each other. These
human qualities are love, sympathy and
cooperation.
 Objective of Education in USA
To Introduce Vocational Point of View in Education:
The purpose of American education is to prepare a citizen for life.
In the modern age, the vocational point of view is considered
very important, so provision has been made for vocational and
technical education along with general education.
A number of multi-purpose technical schools have been
established in U.S.A. Guidance centers have been established for
providing vocational guidance to students.
 Objective of Education in USA
To Develop the Qualities of Citizenship:
America is a democratic country. The success of democracy depends on
ideal citizens. Efforts are made in U.S.A. to develop qualities of ideal
citizenship from the beginning.
Qualities like tolerance, knowledge of one’s rights and duties, respect
for the views, and rights and duties of others and the spirit of selfless
social service are developed in the people there. The citizens are
educated to behave according to the accepted social ideals.
 Objective of Education in USA
Provision for All Types of Education:
For success of democracy the citizens should be fairly well
educated. Just as freedom is the birth right, so is education.
There are three main characteristics of American educational
system – (1) Universal (2) Compulsory (3) Free. Most of the
schools in America fulfill the needs of the common people and
they are managed by specific communities.
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
Objective of Education in Philippines
 IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN USA
Nationalism
Nationalism is a national spirit, the love of a country, and the
emotional ties to the interests of a nation and the symbols that
represent it. The United States, rather than having a national
educational system, has 50 state school systems that work
together and use similar methods. Nationalism began to be
established in the 19th century. Its effects on education were
studied by Isaac Kandel and Edward Reisner, who identified
three primary themes reflected in the curriculum.
 IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN USA
 The first is that all nations have a history. The combination
of the nation’s history and myths creates a nation’s
collective memory.
 The second theme is helping people recognize that they are
unique individuals, different from others within the nation.
 Finally, nationalism maintains a theme of space and time.
Nationalism allows people to identify with a particular
territory that has borders, a name, a capital, and a
relatively common culture in most instances.
 IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN USA
Ethno-nationalism
Ethno-nationalism has some similarities to
nationalism but is actually loyalty to a particular
ethnic or racial group rather than to a nation. In
the multiethnic environment of the United States,
however, ethno-nationalism may cause relative
division between various ethnic or racial groups.
 IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN USA
Liberalism
Liberalism is the ideology that all people should enjoy
the greatest possible individual freedom and that it
should be guaranteed by due process of law.
Liberalists are known to be open to change. They
believe in progress and oppose any restrictions on
individual liberties. They believe that this liberation of
human rights will lead to progress.
 IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN USA
Secularism
is belief in the separation of church and state. Although
secularists might subscribe to a personal religion, they
believe that religion is a private matter and should be
completely separate from a public education. The belief
that individuals retain inherent human rights that the social
order cannot give or take away is a branch of secularism
known as individualism.
 IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN USA
Conservatism
The opposite of liberalism is conservatism. Conservatism is
the belief that institutions should function according to
their intended original purpose and that any concepts that
have not been maintained should be restored. A
conservative education preserves the traditional
curriculum, aiming to transmit information to the students
as a means of bringing them into an already established
culture.
 IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN USA
Marxism
Marxism is an ideological and political movement first proposed by Karl
Marx, a 19th-century philosopher. Marx held that the class system
conflicted with the social, political, and educational realms. Logically and
intelligently questioning the economic consequences of class hierarchy
gives a better understanding of the world. Marxism calls for an education
that creates a critical consciousness in students. It believes dominant
classes control schools and use them to socially control the oppressed
class. Marxism relies on content and methods that contribute to a person’s
intellectual and physical development.
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
IDEOLOGIES AND PHILOSOPHIES OF
EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
Progressing Through the System

provides links to research and statistics

concerning the flow of students through the
U.S. education system as well as education
indicators and international comparisons.
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
Progressing Through the System
EARLY CHILDHOOD
SCHOOL-LEVEL STATISTICS
ADULT BASIC EDUCATION/ADULT LITERACY
CAREER & TECHNICAL (VOCATIONAL) EDUCATION
POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION
ADULT CONTINUING EDUCATION
SPECIAL EDUCATION
OUTCOMES, WORK AND CENSUS DATA
EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 Curriculum and Content Standards

provides information on school and tertiary

curriculum standards and related reform
efforts.
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 Curriculum and Content Standards

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STANDARDS

TERTIARY STANDARDS
SPECIFIC DISCIPLINARY
STANDARDS
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 U.S. Career and Technical Qualifications

Postsecondary award, certificate, or diploma (at least

1 but less than 2 academic years).

Postsecondary award, certificate, or diploma (at

least 2 but less than 4 academic years).
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 Bachelor's Degrees
BACHELOR’S DEGREE DESCRIPTION
HONORS BACHELOR’S DEGREES
POST-BACHELOR’S CERTIFICATES
FREQUENTLY ENCOUNTERED BACHELOR’S
DEGREE TITLES
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 Master's Degrees

RESEARCH MASTER’S DEGREES

PROFESSIONAL MASTER’S DEGREES
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 Research Doctorate Degrees

RESEARCH DOCTORATE DESCRIPTION

 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 Evaluation and Assessment
The United States does not use written or oral national
examinations to determine graduation from school or access to
further studies, and there is no national curriculum on which to
base such examinations. School curricula are set by local school
districts, private schools, and homeschooling parents with
reference to state standards and postsecondary requirements.
Postsecondary or tertiary curricula are determined by the
individual institutions with reference to accreditation
requirements, professional requirements, and the expectations
of graduate programs and employers.
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 U.S. Primary and Secondary Qualificati
ons

PRIMARY AND MIDDLE SCHOOL

HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA
GENERAL EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (GED)
OTHER FREQUENT SECONDARY AWARDS AND
QUALIFICATIONS
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 Associate Degrees
An associate degree can be defined as “An award that requires
completion of an organized program of study of at least 2 but less than
4 years of full-time academic study or more than 60, but less than 120
semester credit hours” (NCES). Unlike certificate and diploma
programs, the associate degree is a recognized higher education
degree. Most associate degrees earned in academic programs are
Associate of Arts (AA) or Science (AS) degrees. Associate degrees
earned in professional, technical or terminal programs are frequently
called Associate of Applied Science (AAS) degrees but will sometimes
carry the name of the program of study in the title.
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 First-Professional Degrees
First-professional degrees represent a category of qualifications in
professional subject areas that require students to have previously
completed specified undergraduate coursework and/or degrees before
enrolling. They are considered graduate-level programs in the U.S.
system because the follow prior undergraduate studies, but they are in
fact first degrees in these professional subjects. Holders of first-
professional degrees are considered to have an entry-level qualification
and may undertake graduate study in these professional fields following
the award of the first-professional degree. Several of these degrees use
the term “doctor” in the title, but these degrees do not contain an
independent research component or require a dissertation (thesis) and
should not be confused with PhD degrees or other research doctorates.
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 Intermediate Graduate Qualifications
The U.S. higher education system awards several qualifications that
represent studies and research beyond the master’s degree but that
are not the equivalent of a research doctorate. Most of these
qualifications are in professional fields of study and represent a level
of education corresponding to advanced professional standing.

Regulations governing these intermediate graduate qualifications are

the responsibility of the institution offering the program and the
appropriate professional and accrediting authorities.
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
USA
 Postdoctoral Programs and Academic T
enure

POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS

PROFESSIONAL ACADEMIC FACULTY DEVELOPMENT

 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
Education in the Philippines: Structure
Education in the Philippines is offered through
formal and non-formal systems. Formal
education typically spans 14 years and is
structured in a 6+4+4 system: 6 years of
primary school education, 4 years of
secondary school education, and 4 years of
higher education, leading to a bachelor’s
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
 Primary Education
Primary school education in the Philippines spans
6 years in duration and is compulsory for all
students. This level of education is divided into a
four-year primary cycle and a two-year
intermediate cycle. In the country’s public
schools, Filipino children generally begin school at
age 6 or 7; however, private schools typically start
a year earlier and operate a seven-year curriculum
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
•Primary Cycle. Four years—Grades 1-4, age 6-11
•Intermediate Cycle—Grades 5 and 6, age 11-13
There are a number of core subjects that are
taught, with varying degrees of difficulty, in all six
grades of primary school. These are:
•Language Arts (Pilipino, English and Local
Dialect)
•Mathematics
•Health
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
In addition to the core subjects above, students in
Grades 1-3 also study civics and culture. In grades 4-6
students study music and art; physical education; home
economics and livelihood; and social studies. Values
education and “good manners and right conduct” are
integrated in all learning areas. All students in primary
school are also introduced to Makabayan. According
to the Department of Education, Makabayan is a
learning area that serves as a practice environment for
holistic learning; an area in which students develop a
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
 Secondary Education
Although secondary education is not compulsory in the
Philippines, it is widely attended, particularly in the more urban
areas of the country. At this level, private schools enroll a
much higher percentage of students than at the elementary
level. According to statistics from the Department of
Education, roughly 45 percent of the country’s high schools are
private, enrolling about 21 percent of all secondary school
students.
At the secondary school level there are two main types of
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
General Secondary Schools
Students in the General Secondary Schools must take and pass
a wide variety of courses. Here the curriculum consists of
language or communicative arts (English and Pilipino),
mathematics, science, technology, and social sciences
(including anthropology, Philippine history and government,
economics, geography and sociology). Students must also
take youth develop training (including physical education,
health education, music, and citizen army training), practical
arts (including home economics, agriculture and fisheries,
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
Vocational Secondary Schools
Although students who opt to study at one of the
country’s vocational secondary schools are still
required to take and pass many of the same core
academic subjects, they are also exposed to a greater
concentration of technical and vocational subjects.
These secondary schools tend to offer technical and
vocational instruction in one of five major fields:
agriculture, fishery, trade/technical, home industry, and
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
Secondary Science High Schools
The Philippine Science High School System is a
dedicated public system that operates as an attached
agency of the Philippine Department of Science and
Technology. In total, there are nine regional campuses,
with the main campus located in Quezon City. Students
are admitted on a case-by-case basis, based on the
results of the PSHS System National Competitive
Examination. Graduates of the PSHS are bound by law
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
Higher Education
As of this writing, there were approximately 1,621
institutions of higher education in the Philippines,
of which some 1,445 (nearly 90 percent) were in
the private sector. There are approximately
2,500,000 students who participate in higher
education each year, 66 percent of whom are
enrolled in private institutions.
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
The Higher Education Act also had an impact on post-
secondary vocational education. In 1995, legislation
was enacted that provided for the transfer of
supervision of all non-degree technical and vocational
education programs from the Bureau of Vocational
Education, also under the control of the Department of
Education, to a new and independent agency now
known as the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA). The establishment of
TESDA has increased emphasis on and support for non-
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
 University Education
The credit and degree structure of university education in the
Philippines bears a striking resemblance to that of the United
States. Entrance into Philippine universities and other
institutions of higher education is dependent on the possession
of a high school Certificate of Graduation and in some cases
on the results of the National Secondary Achievement
Test (NSAT), or in many colleges and universities the results of
their own entrance examinations.
There are essentially three degree stages of higher education
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
Master Degrees
Master degrees in the Philippines typically span two
years for full-time students, culminating with a minor
thesis or comprehensive examination. To qualify for a
Master’s degree, students must possess a bachelor’s
degree in a related field, with an average grade equal to
or better than 2.00, 85 percent or B average. Certain
professional degrees, such as law and medicine are
begun following a first bachelor degree. These
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
PhD Degrees
PhD degrees in the Philippines, also known as a Doctor of
Philosophy, involve a great deal of coursework, as well as a
dissertation that may comprise from one-fifth to one-third of
the final grade. Admission into one of the country’s PhD
programs is very selective, requiring, at minimum, a
Master’s degree with a B average or better. Most PhD
programs span two to four years beyond the Master’s
degree, not counting the time it takes to complete the
dissertation. Topics for dissertations must be approved by
 THE STRUCTURE OF EDUCATION OF
PHILIPPINES
Non-University Higher Education (Vocational and Technical)
In recent years, vocational and technical education has
become very popular in the Philippines. Technical and
vocational schools and institutes offer programs in a wide
range of disciplines, including agriculture, fisheries, technical
trades, technical education, hotel and restaurant management,
crafts, business studies, secretarial studies, and interior and
fashion design. Interested candidates who wish to pursue their
education at one of the country’s post-secondary vocational
schools must have at least a high school diploma and a
Certificate of Graduation to qualify. Vocational and technical
 THE CURRICULUM OF USA
The American or US Curriculum is based on American
Common Core State Standards for English, Language
Arts, Math, History & Geography, and Next-Generation
Science Standards. This gives more creative freedom to
tailor the curriculum based on individual needs.
 THE CURRICULUM OF USA

 Provides a flexible framework for schools.

 Help students discover their talents.
 Recognized by educational institutions around the world.
 Provide students with both structure and flexibility.
 Provides a globally-recognized education.
THE CURRICULUM OF PHILIPPINES
THE CURRICULUM OF PHILIPPINES
THE CURRICULUM OF PHILIPPINES
THE CURRICULUM OF PHILIPPINES
TEACHING METHODOLOGIES OF USA
 TEACHING METHODOLOGIES OF
PHILIPPINES
 Inductive Method
 Deductive Method
 Lecture Method
 Demonstration Method
 Integrative Method
 Type-Study Method
 Problem-Solving Method
 Project Method
 Laboratory Method
 Expository Method
 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF
USA
 Evaluation and Assessment
The United States does not use written or oral national
examinations to determine graduation from school or access to
further studies, and there is no national curriculum on which to
base such examinations. School curricula are set by local school
districts, private schools, and homeschooling parents with
reference to state standards and postsecondary requirements.
Postsecondary or tertiary curricula are determined by the
individual institutions with reference to accreditation
requirements, professional requirements, and the expectations
of graduate programs and employers.
 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF
PHILIPIPINES

 Written Examination
 Oral Examination
 Hands on Skills Examination
 EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR VARIOUS
LEVEL OF EDUCATION IN USA
 For eligible applicants for elementary, secondary, and
college education;
 For the education of individuals with disabilities and
of those who are illiterate, disadvantaged, or gifted;
and
 For the education of immigrants, American Indians,
and people with limited English proficiency.
 EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR VARIOUS
LEVEL OF EDUCATION IN PHILIPPINES
The learners shall have need to enroll in kinder before he/she
enters in grade1.
The DepEd should have an equal rights in education.
No learners should be left behind.
DepEd established the Special Education for the learners
who have special needs.
DepEd established the ALS (Alternative Learning System)
DepEd Established the special curriculum for the gifted
learners.
TRENDS OF EDUCATION IN USA
 TRENDS OF EDUCATION IN
PHILIPPINES
Mastery-Based Grading
Many teachers are looking for alternatives to letter grading. Some
worry that traditional grading methods do not accurately measure
student progress.
Mastery-based grading measures how well students have
developed the skills they learned in class and allows opportunities
for resubmission. Ultimately, students are graded as either having
mastered or not mastered a concept rather than on an A to F scale.
In this way, students can continue to practice skills they haven’t yet
mastered and avoid becoming discouraged.
 TRENDS OF EDUCATION IN
PHILIPPINES
Personalized Learning
Over the past few years, the buzz around personalized
learning has been on the rise. When a school
curriculum is adaptive to a student’s unique needs,
it’s more likely to promote student progress because
each child can move at their right pace. Plus, adaptive
software programs allow teachers to use the same
program for all students in their classroom—
including those with learning disabilities.
 TRENDS OF EDUCATION IN
PHILIPPINES
Trauma-Informed Practices
Refer to any intervention designed to respond to the unique
needs of children who have experienced trauma. Because
more than half of all children will experience a traumatic
event before adulthood, it is essential to conduct training
and implement strategies that support these children.
Teachers and students have all experienced the traumatic
effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has raised this
particular trend to even higher levels of discussion than
before.
 TRENDS OF EDUCATION IN
PHILIPPINES
Genius Hour
Genius Hour is a fairly new educational technique that
allows students to work on self-paced and self-chosen
projects for an hour each day. This encourages
students to practice their creativity and independent
thinking skills, and they can also develop a genuine
love of learning. If you’re looking for ways to improve
student engagement in your classroom, genius spaces
may be a trend to keep tabs on.
 TRENDS OF EDUCATION IN
PHILIPPINES
Bite-Sized Learning
Bite-sized learning teaches children specific academic
skills with brief, focused activities. It “takes into account
the contemporary demands of learner lifestyles that
might hinder longer periods of focused study and time
spent in the classroom.” In other words, it allows
students to learn real skills that build on each other in
convenient, shorter bursts over time instead of all at
once in long classroom lessons or lectures.
 TRENDS OF EDUCATION IN
PHILIPPINES
Digital Citizenship
For students, digital citizenship is defined as the
ability to use technology and the Internet both
effectively and appropriately. Good digital
citizenship is increasingly necessary, but as
assignments and lessons traditionally done in person
move online, it’s even more vital for students to
build the skills they need to develop a healthy
 TRENDS OF EDUCATION IN
PHILIPPINES
Experiential Learning
Experiential learning is a strategy that, according to Western
Governors University, allows students to learn and develop
skills in a setting outside of the classroom. For elementary
students, options for experiential learning may be limited.
But you can still make the most of this strategy by taking
students on field trips (virtual or otherwise) and providing
students with assignments that encourage them to learn
outside of school.
 TRENDS OF EDUCATION IN
PHILIPPINES
STEAM Curriculum
You may be familiar with STEM (science,
technology, engineering, and math) curriculum
and how it prepares students to enter the
workforce with practical, high-demand skills. But
adding the arts alongside these subjects (thus
creating STEAM: STEM plus arts) can improve
your students’ academic performance.