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(Unit-V) Joints - 1
(Unit-V) Joints - 1
(Unit-V) Joints - 1
A&P-I
Unit-V
Presented by:
Jalal Khan
BSCN(AKU), DHMS(B.H-MEDICAL COLLEGE),
B-PHARMACY(PUNJAB),MSCN STUDENT(AKU)
RN,RHMP(PAK),REGISTERED NURSE,HOMEO PHYSICIAN
AND CAT-B PHARMACIST.
Joint: is a point of contact between two bones, between bone and cartilage, or between
bone and teeth.
Joint is also known as articulation or arthrosis.
Arthrology: The scientific study of joints.
Classification of Joints
Structural Classification: is based on their anatomical characteristics.
Functional Classification: is based on the type of movement.
The structural classification of joints is based on two criteria:
1) the presence or absence of a space between the joints, called synovial cavity, and
2) the type of connective tissue that binds the bones together.
Classification of Joints cont….
Structural Classification includes:
Fibrous Joints:
No synovial cavity.
Bones are held together by dense irregular connective tissue rich in collagen fibers.
Cartilaginous Joints:
No synovial cavity.
Bones are held together by cartilage.
Synovial Joints:
They have synovial cavity.
Bones are united by a capsule of dense irregular connective tissue and often accessory
ligaments.
Functional Classification
suture
pubis symphisis
Slightly Movable Joint
(amphiarthrosis)
(diarthrosis)- freely moveable
pelvis
ligaments
femur
joint
capsule pelvis
hyaline
cartilage synovial
cavity
femur
Structure of Synovial Joints
Distinguishing Characteristics of synovial joints are:
Synovial Cavity: A space between the articulating bones.
All synovial joints are functionally diarthroses.
Articular cartilage: Covers the tips of the articulating bones
Articular capsule: Surrounds synovial joint and encloses the synovial cavity. It unites the
articulating bones. It is composed of two layers—the outer fibrous membrane and an inner
synovial membrane. The fibrous membrane is flexible and has great tensile strength to allow
free movement and prevent dislocation of the bones.
Structure of Synovial Joints Cont…
Synovial Fluid (oval= egg): named for its appearance like egg white. It is Secreted by
synovial membrane.
It consists of albumin, Hyaluronic acid, and phagocytic cells.
It functions as lubricating, absorbing shocks, supplying oxygen and nutrients to the
chondrocytes of the articular cartilage.
Types of Synovial Joints
2. Hinge Joints:
In a hinge joint, the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another
bone.
They are monoaxial
Examples: Knee, Elbow, and interphalangeal joints.
Types of Synovial Joints cont…
3. Gliding or Planar Joints:
The articulating bones are flat or slightly curved.
They are biaxial as they allow back-and-forth and side-to-side movement.
Examples: Intercarpal, intertarsal, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, and vertebrocostal
joints.
4. Condyloid Joints:
It is formed by the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone and the oval-shaped
depression of another bone.
Condyle joints are biaxial.
Example: Metacarpophalageal joints
Types of Synovial Joints cont…
5. Saddle Joints:
One bone of the articular surface is saddle-shaped, and the other one fits into the saddle.
Saddle joint is a modified condyloid in which the movement is somewhat freer.
It is triaxial.
Example: Carpometacarpal joint b/w the trapezium of the carpus and metacarpal of the
thumb.
Types of Synovial Joints cont…
Rotation
Flexion
Adduction
Abduction