INTRODUCTION

TO CARBON
COMPOUNDS
 CARBON COMPOUNDS
Carbon compounds characterize life. The million different
organisms living on Earth would mean millions of different organic
molecules, each with different chemical and physical properties.

Examples:
 food we eat, our hair and skin, drugs, perfumes and petroleum are
all organic compounds.

The range of application of organic compound is diverse due to

the versatility of the carbon atom.
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 CARBON COMPOUNDS
-are compounds containing CARBON or simply
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
-carbon has 4 valence
electrons
-can readily form and
break bonds
-forms long chains
-can form single, double
and triple bonds. 3
 CARBON COMPOUNDS

Carbon can also bond with

itself which makes it a unique
atom. It is the most important
element on Earth.
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ORGANIC VS. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
-contain CARBON and HYDROGEN combined
with other elements namely Oxygen, Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, sulfur and Halogens (fluorine,
chlorine, bromine and iodine).
-produced by plants and animals, can be produced
ARTIFICIALLY too.
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EXAMPLES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol)

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Acetone, gasoline, acetic acid (vinegar),
Naphthalene balls

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Vanillin

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Acetylene

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Esters

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 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
There are also organic compounds
that are produced from petroleum:
liquefied petroleum gas (LPG),
gasoline, lubricating oil and
kerosene.
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ORGANIC VS. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Other Examples: Allotropes such as
1. Graphite like “Lead”-
a soft
allotrope
of carbon.

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ORGANIC VS. INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
2. Diamond-as the hardest mineral, used as a
tool for cutting other metals

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 OTHER CHARACTERISTICS
OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
-characterized by hydrogen-carbon bonds
-have lower boiling and melting points
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
-unable to make salts, less soluble in water
-forms covalent bonds, greater in number
-contains long, complex chain of molecules
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 INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
& THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

-compounds containing metal and other elements

-have higher boiling and melting points
-good conductors of heat and electricity
-are more soluble in water, make salts
-forms covalent as well as ionic bonds
-do not contain long, complex chain of molecules
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 INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
& THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

-Some compounds may contain carbon but are

considered INORGANIC as their properties
resemble more of those inorganic compounds.
-Inorganic compounds are produced by nonliving
natural processes or by human intervention in
the laboratory.
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Examples: CARBON MONOXIDE

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Carbonate
(CO3 )
-2

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 In 1828, a German scientists
FRIEDRICH WOHLER produced
UREA, an organic compound
present in the urine of living
organisms, from inorganic
ammonium and potassium cyanate.

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UREA

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Carbon is an incredible element. It becomes
soft, pliable graphite when arranged in one
way. RE-JIGGER –the arrangement of
atoms to form a DIAMOND- the hardest
mineral in the world.
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Carbon was used as a pigment that
made the first tattoos; the basis for
technological marvels such as
GRAPHENE-a material stronger
that steel and more flexible than
rubber. 24
 Carbon occurs naturally as Carbon-12, which
makes up 99% of the carbon in the universe.
Carbon- 13, which makes up about 1%; and
Carbon-14, which makes up a miniscule amount
of overall carbon but is very important in dating
carbon object (fossil footprints).
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