Write the heading “Weather”.

Copy the text below as a sub-heading

Lesson 1) The Elements

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• The word ‘weather’ means the day-to-day
state of the elements.
• ‘Elements’ are the individual components
which together make up the weather.
• Each element has an instrument used to
measure it, and its own unit of
measurement.
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Sunshine Air
Visibility
(amount) pressure

Temperature
Cloud
(amount)

ELEMENTS Humidity

Precipitation
Thunder

Wind
Direction Lightning
Wind
Speed
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• Temperature (how hot or

cold it is) is measured using
a Thermometer, in Degrees
Celsius.
Max./Min. Thermometers

Maximum
temperature

Minimum
temperature
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• Precipitation (rain, hail,

sleet, snow) is measured
using a Rain Gauge, in
Millimetres.
Rain Gauges

Rain water
collected in
here

Raised off
ground

Non-splash
surface
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• Humidity (how moist the air

is) is measured using a
Hygrometer. The amount of
water vapour in the air is
given as a Percentage.
Hygrometers

Piece of
soaked
material
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• Wind Direction is measured

using a Wind Vane. The
direction the wind is blowing
from is shown using the
points of the compass.
Wind Vanes
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• Wind Speed is measured

using an Anemometer, in
Knots.
Anemometers
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• Air pressure (the weight of the air

pushing down on the Earth’s
surface) is measured using a
Barometer, in Millibars.
Barographs
Needle is
pushed up
and down
by air
pressure

Air pressure
is recorded
on rotating
drum
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• Sunshine Amount is measured

using a sunshine Recorder. The
length of time the Sun shone is
measured in Hours and Minutes.
Sunshine Recorders
Glass ball
concentrates
Sun’s rays

Light-sensitive
paper is placed
behind the ball
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• Visibility (how far you can

see) is measured using your
eyes, in kilometres.
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• Cloud Amount is measured using your eyes.

The sky is given a score out of 8 e.g. 4 out
of 8 = half the sky is cloudy. The unit of
measurement is the Greek word for, “Oktas”,
so a half cloudy sky would be 4 Oktas.
 Copy and complete the table below

Element Instrument Unit of Measurement

Temperature Thermometer Degrees Celsius
Wind Speed Knots
Compass Points
Precipitation Millimetres
Sunshine Recorder Hours & Minutes
Cloud Amount Eyes
Eyes Kilometres
Humidity Percentage
Air Pressure Barometer