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Haekal Aulia A
Mahdi Mutashim
Muhammad Faris A
Muhammad Renaldi

English Education
 Materials

Opinion and Suggestion Personal Letter

Procedure Text Hope and Wish

Passive Vice
Opinion and Suggestion

– The terms opinion and suggestion are confusing for many people that are just learning
the English language. These two terms refer to two different things, although it
sounds like they are similar to each other. Opinion is a belief of a person, while
suggesting is the process of implying something you want a person to do or believe.
– Opinions are subjective beliefs of either one person or a group of people and these
need not be true. Opinions are the result of emotion or interpretation of facts. An
opinion can be supported by an argument, which can create two opposing opinions
from the same set of facts. Opinions can be a result of a person's perspective,
understanding, particular feelings, beliefs, and desires. These are various types of
opinions: Public/consumer opinion, scientific opinion, legal opinion, judicial opinion
and editorial opinion.
– Dictionary.com defines ‘opinion’ as:
– a belief or judgment that rests on grounds insufficient to produce complete
certainty.
– a personal view, attitude, or appraisal.
– the formal expression of a professional judgment
– The Free Dictionary defines ‘suggest’ as:
– To offer for consideration or action; propose
– To bring or call to mind by logic or association; evoke
– To make evident indirectly; intimate or imply
Hope and Wish

– We use the verb hope when something is very possible.

– We use the verb wish about impossible things or things that are not likely to happen (things that you don't really expect to
happen.)
– Hope
– To say what you hope about the past, you use the simple past:
– I hope she found the restaurant.
– I hope he passed his class last semester.
– To say what you hope about the present, you use the present:
– I hope he's all right.
– I hope he knows where the clinic is.
– I hope he's having a good time in Florida.
– I hope he likes Italian food.
– To say what you hope about the future, you use the present (or the future, although it is less common):
– I hope he has a good time in Florida next month.
– (I hope he'll have a good time in Florida next month.)
 Difference

– Wish is most commonly used in hypothetical (or imagined) situations: I wish that I
had a dog. (I don't really have a dog, but if I did, I would be happy.) I wish (that) you
were here. (Unfortunately, you're not, and I miss you.) Sometimes wish is used in
greeting and expressions of goodwill
– Hope can also be used in expressions of goodwill, but the grammar is slightly
different
– Hope can be used to specify a desired outcome. For future hopes, the possibilities
remain open, but for past hopes, the outcome has usually been determined already.
– Wish and hope are also used in certain types of requests and pleasantries. In such
situations, wish carries a more definite and formal tone.
Personal letter

– A Personal letter is sent from one individual to another individual or organisation in order to
address matters of an informal nature. Examples of these can include;
– Apologies
– Thank you's
– Personal reference
– Congratulations
– Invitations
– Condolences
– They differ from formal types in that they can be used to express personal feelings and depending
on the relationship between the sender and receiver do not require formal concise language.
 Example

– [Your Street Address]

[Your City]
[Your Postcode]

[Month, Day, Year]

– [Name of recipient]
[Street Address]
[City]
[Postcode]

– Dear [Decide on your familiarity with the person and either use their first name or "Mr, Mrs, Miss" etc. followed by their
surname],
– [Your personal message to the person]
– Yours sincerely,
– [Your written Signature]
– [Your Name]
Procedure Text

– The Definition Of Procedure Text Procedure text is a text that is designed to

describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It
explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This
text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the
temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.
– The generic structures of procedure text are :
– Goal/aim ( or title)
– Materials (not required for all procedural texts)
– Steps (the actions that must be taken
– Other definition:
– A procedure is a specified series of actions or operations which have to be executed in the same manner in order to always
obtain the same result under the same circumstances (for example, emergency procedures). Less precisely speaking, this
word can indicate a sequence of tasks, steps, decisions, calculations and processes, that when undertaken in the sequence
laid down produces the described result, product or outcome. A procedure usually induces a change. It is in the scientific
method.

– Language Features of Procedure Text

– In the Procedure Text, we use
– SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE. And:
– Use of imperatives (e.g.: cut, don’t mix)
– Use of action verbs (e.g.: turn, put, mix)
– Use of connectives (e.g. : first, then, finally, …)
– Use of adverbial phrases (e.g. : for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)
–
– Generic Structure of Procedure
– Goal : It is containt the purpose of the text. (e.g : How to make spagheti)
– Material or Ingredient : it is containt of the materials that used in the process. (e.g : the material to cook omelette are egg,
onion, vegetable oil, etc)
– Step : it is containt of the steps to make something in the goal. (e.g : first, wash the tomatoes, onion, ...., second cut the
onions becomes slice. . . )
 Passive Voice

– Verbs are also said to be either active (The executive committee approved the new
policy) or passive (The new policy was approved by the executive committee) in voice.
In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is
a be-er or a do-er and the verb moves the sentence along. In the passive voice, the
subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other
agent or by something unnamed (The new policy was approved). Computerized
grammar checkers can pick out a passive voice construction from miles away and ask
you to revise it to a more active construction. There is nothing inherently wrong with
the passive voice, but if you can say the same thing in the active mode, do so (see
exceptions below). Your text will have more pizzazz as a result, since passive verb
constructions tend to lie about in their pajamas and avoid actual work.
 Structure

Auxiliary
Past
ense Subject
Singular Plural Participle

Present The car/cars is are designed.

Present perfect The car/cars has been have been designed.

Past The car/cars was were designed.

Past perfect The car/cars had been had been designed.

Future The car/cars will be will be designed.
Future perfect The car/cars will have been will have been designed.

Present progressive The car/cars is being are being designed.