CATATAN

PILIHAN TENSES
DALAM MENULIS PAPER ILMIAH
CATATAN TATA BAHASA
UNTUK MENULIS PAPER
Ketika tiba pada tenses yang digunakan dalam menulis paper ilmiah, tulisan
Moore/Tsuda: A Pratical Guide to the Use of Scientific English dapat diacu untuk
pedoman umum sebagian besar paper ilmiah.
Abstract: generally, use the simple past (or for a concise introductory phrase the present
perfect); for general statements and facts use the present tense.

Introduction: use a mixture of present and past tense; the present tense is applied when
you are talking about something that is always true; the past tense is used
for earlier research efforts, either by your own or by another group. If the
time of demonstration is unknown or not important, use the present perfect.
For the concluding statements of your introduction use the simple past; you
may use the past perfect, when you talk about something that was true in the
past but is no longer so.
CATATAN PENTING UNTUK
MENULIS PAPER
Methods: here you generally use the passive voice in the simple past.
Results: simple past and present tense should be employed here, but when you refer to
figures and tables you use the present tense, since they continue to exist in your paper ;);
you can mix active and passive voice.

Discussion: use the simple past for your own findings and the perfect tense for cited
information; the present tense is also acceptable, if you prefer that one (in such
statements as ‘We can conclude that …’.
Moore/Tsuda do not talk about a section that I often use as a last paragraph before
acknowledgements:

Conclusions and Further work: use present perfect to make clear that your statements
still hold at the time of reading; for further work the future tense (or the present) is
acceptable.
Saya menemukan beberapa saran menarik tentang penggunaan past dan
present tense di bawah ini:
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/effective-writing-13815989
http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/effective-writing-13815989