BLOOD

COMPONENT
PREPARATION
 CONTENTS

Introduction
Equipments
Whole blood
Blood components
 INTRODUCTION

For the first 300 or more years of transfusion

history, blood was acquired, stored, and
transfused as whole blood.
In the1960s, the introduction of the plastic bag
to replace breakable glass bottles and the
development of refrigerated centrifuges
brought forth the dawn of a new age in
transfusion medicine.
Ie, Blood Components
- Plasma fraction
- Cell fraction
A single blood donation can provide
transfusion therapy to multiple patients ~5
In the form of
1. Red blood cells (RBCs)
2. Platelets
3. fresh-frozen plasma
4. Cryoprecipitate
5. Other products such as derivatives of plasma (e.g.,
immune serum globulin)
 Benefits/Advantages

Economical – 1 WB >5 components

Minimize the hazards
Maximum yield
Minimize cardiac overload
Ensure optimal use of blood components
WHY THERE IS A NEED FOR COMPONENT
SEPERATION
 Agencies – Transfusion medicine

FDA - Food and Drug Administration of

America
NACO – National Aids Control Organization
NBTC – National blood Transfusion Council
DGHS – directorate of General of Health
services
AABB – American association of blood bank
World blood donor Day ?
National Voluntary blood donation day?
 Factors affecting component preparation

Collection bag and satellite bags

Type of anticoagulant
Preservatives
Additives
leukoreduction filter
 Points to care

Component manufacturing laboratory must

keep proper records for
 whom prepared
 Time & date of preparation
 equipment used
 Time & date of issue
 screeing test should be performed
 REQUIREMENTS

Equipments
Whole blood
Lab personal
 Equipments - Component preparation

Equipment used in the component

manufacturing laboratory is intended for one
of three functions:
 Good Quality components
 Perfrect Quality control Procedures
 Storage capacity
 Equipments

Centrifuges - cold
Plasma expressor
Scales
Tubing sealers
Storage Devices
Thawing Machine
Platelet agitator
Centrifuges
Plasma expressors
Weighing Scales
Tube Sealers
Docking Machines / SCD
Storage Devices
WHOLE BLOOD
 WHOLE BLOOD

Collected in a ratio of 14 mL of anticoagulant

preservative for every 100 mL of whole blood
450 mL (±10%) WB -63 mL of anticoagulant-
preservative
Hematocrit of 38%
No satellite bag
Presently WB is considered as the raw material,
rather than a transfusion medium
It contains – RBC, WBC, Platelets, plasma
proteins, anticoagulant
 FRESH WHOLE BLOOD

Fresh - <24 hr
Function - blood volume expansion
- oxygen carrying capacity
Indicaion
 Hypovolemic patients - bleeding/anemia
- >25% blood loss

 Exchange transfusion
 When no PRBC available
 Storage

Whole blood should be stored in a monitored

refrigerator at 1-6°C .
Function – To reduce red cell utilization of ATP
To preserve cell viability
 Shelf Life

 CPDA-1
At the end of 35 days – 70%
CPD
At the end of 25 days

 After 10 days of storage – 2,3-BPG is lost

 But, 50% is regenerated within 8hrs in the
recipient body after transfusion.
 Role of WB

Whole blood increase Hb – 1g/dl

 PCV – 3%

350 ml WB increase Hb – 0.75 g/dl

Pediatric patients,
8 ml/Kg increase Hb – 1g/dL
 WB

Advantages Disadantages

Acute blood loss Circulatory overload

Accidents (OCC)
Chronic anemia If not fresh, loss of
Pregnancy platelets,
Surgery coagulation factors
Unknown antibodies
WBCs
BLOOD COMPONENT
PREPARATION
 Various blood components

Blood components Plasma derivatives

 PRBC  Albumin
 Frozen RBC  Plasma protein fraction
 Leucocyte poor red cell  Factor VIII concentrate
concentrate  Fibrinogen
 PRP
 Immunoglobulin
 Platelet concentrate
 Other coagulation factors
 Fibrin rich platelets
 FFP
 Single donor plasma
 cryoprecipitate
 Cryo-poor plasma
 Granulocyte concentrate
 Uses of various blood components

PRBC
PLATELETS
FFP
CRYOPRECIPITATE
FACTOR VIII
OTHER FACTORS
Components should be prepared within 6
hours
Separation should be done within a closed
system
Asceptic technique
Always use sterile connecting devices
Blood collection for components should be
perfect
Alternate tech - Apheresis
 Centrifugation

High speed refrigerator

Refrigerated centrifuge
Factors affecting – 1)rotor size
2)speed
3)duration
4)relative centrifugal force
Accommodate 4/6 units blood simultaneously
Opposite poles should be balanced.
Balancing – plastic/rubber materials
 Centrifugation

Heavy spin
3000rpm- 5 minutes
PRBC,PLASMA

Light spin
900 rpm – 3 minutes
PRP
Principle – specific gravity
RBC- 1.08-1.09
platelets – 1.03-1.04
plasma – 1.02-1.03
Packed Red Cells (PRBC)
PRBCS are Prepared by removing ~200-250
ml plasma from 450 ml of WB.
Or , 150-175 ml – 350 ml WB

PRBC has hematocrit same as WB ~ 70-80%

Same oxygen carrying capacity
Additive is added after PRBC separation from
satellite bag.
 RBC additive solution

If additive solutions (AS) are employed, as

much of the plasma is removed as possible,
and the AS must be added to the RBC
component within 3 days of collection,
resulting in a finished product with a
hematocrit of 55% to 65%.
If an additive solution is not used, the volume
of plasma removed is targeted such that the
finished RBC product has a hematocrit of 65%
to 80%
RBCs may be prepared from whole blood
donations at any time during the whole blood
shelf life,
They are typically prepared shortly after
donation to allow the manufacture of platelet
concentrates, frozen plasma, or
cryoprecipitate, which must be prepared
within designated time periods after
collection, usually 8 to 24 hours
 Preparation

Prepared by 3 methods
1) Centrifugation
- by refrigerated centrifuge
2) Sedimentation
- After collection -upright position
3) Apheresis
 Centrifugation

Plasma Separation/expressor

Additives (mix)

Tube sealing

Storage
QC
IRRADIATED RED BLOOD CELL
LEUCOCYTE REDUCED RBC
LEUCOCYTE REDUCED RBC - INDICATION
FROZEN/DEGLYCEROLIZED RED CELLS
GRANULOCUTE CONCENTRATION
GRANULOCYTE CONCENTRATE
PLATEET RICH PLASMA
PLATELET CONCENTRATE
FRESH FROZEN PLASMA
CRYUOPRECIPITATE
CRYOPRECIPITATE POOR- PLASMA
ALBUMIN