The first probation laws, enacted in three New England States, applied to children and adults

without distinction. It was recognized from the start that probation is a form treatment adapted to
persons of all ages and to offenses of varying seriousness.

In 1899, however, two midwestern states, Minessota and Illoinis, enacted laws giving probation
service to children only. Then Minessota law provided for the appointment of a salaried officer for
each of the three large countries, to be nominated by the State Board of Corrections and Charities
and approved by the district court of judges. The officers were authorized to appoint their deputies
subject to judicial approval.
NEW JERSEY

The Fourth state to pass a general probation law after the New
England model in 1900. The judges who had long exercised inherent
powers to suspend sentence joined with social workers to secure a
model law.
WILLIAM H. PIONEER FIGURE IN THE FIELD OF Juvenile
CLARK Justice in New Jersey. HE is the first Judge of
Essex Country Juvenile Court. He was
appointed in 1921 and he made a
significant contributions to the State.
He advocated for a rehabilitative approach
to juvenile justice, emphasizing the
importance of addressing the underlying
causes of delinquent behavior and providing
supportive interventions aimed at helping
young offenders reintegrate into society
successfully.
CONTRIBUTIONS
1. REHABILITATIVE FOCUS- because he believed in the potential for rehabilitation and reform among
young offender. He implemented probation programs that focused on providing guidance, support
and resources to juveniles, to help them address their issues and avoid further involvement in the
Criminal Justice System.
2. COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTIONS- Recognized the importance of community involvement in the
rehabilitation process. He worked to establish partnerships with Community Organizations, Social
Service Agencies, and Schools to provide comprehensive support to young offenders on probation.
3. INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT-He advocated for individualized treatment plans for Juvenile
probationers taking into account their unique circumstances as needs, and strengths. He believed in
tailoring probation supervision and services to address the specific risk and challenges faced by each
young offender,
4. PREVENTION AND DIVERSION PROGRAMS- Aimed in addressing Juvenile Delinquency at its root
causes and diverting young people away from Formal Court System whenever possible. He supported
efforts to provide early intervention, counseling, and educational opportunities to at risk youth to
prevent their involvement in delinquent behavior.
ESSEX COUNTY JUVENILE
COURT in NEW JERSEY
It is a judicial institution responsible for handling cases
involving minors (Juveniles) who have been accused of
committing offenses.
The Court focuses on rehabilitation and providing support
services to juveniles to help them avoid further involvement
in the Criminal Justice System.
NEW YORK ENACT LAWS
was the fifth state to provide for adult probation. In 1900, soon after
his appointment as secretary of the Prison Association of New York,
SAMUEL JUNE BARROWS began to campaign for probation law. His
interest stemmed from his work in Boston where he had seen the
law in effect. A Unitarian Minister and editor of the Christian
Register, he became in 1889 one of the founders of Massachuesetts
Prison Association, which took an active part in extending probation
in the state. A practical humanitarian, he thought it a great pity to
send so many persons found guilty of crime to prison.
SAMUEL
BARROWS
He was a prominent figure in Prison Reform
in the early 1900’s.
He was appointed as the INTERNATIONAL
PRISON COMMISSIONER for the US by
President Cleveland in 1895.
Barrows also served as the Secretary of
Prison Association of New York from 1900
until his death in 1909.
PRISON ASSOCIATION OF
NEW YORK
It is also known as the Correctional Association of New York.
It is an organization designated by law to provide independent
monitoring and oversight of State Prisons in New York State.
They work towards promoting prison reform, advocating for the
rights of incarcerated individuals, and ensuring humane treatment
within the prison.
When Barrows serve as a Prison Association of New York, He
campaign also for Adult and Probation Law.
SAMUEL BARROWS
He was a Prominent Social Reformer and advocate for Juvenile
Justice in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. One of his significant
contributions was campaigning for the establishment of Juvenile
probation laws in New York.
Barrows believed in the principles of rehabilitation and saw the
potential for redirecting the lives of young offender through
supportive interventions rather than punitive over punishment.
 Here are some:
1. REHABILITATION OVER PUNISHMENT- He believe that offenders due to their young age and
potential for growth and change, would benefit more from rehabilitation efforts than from harsh
punishment.
He also focuses in addressing the causes of delinquent behavior and providing guidance and support
to help them.
2. PREVENTION OF RECIDIVISM- recognized that many juvenile offenders were caught in cycles of
delinquency due to lack of opportunities, poverty and family problems.
He saw probation as a means of breaking this cycle by providing juveniles with necessary support
and resources to avoid future involvement in criminal activities.
3.HUMANITARIAN PRINCIPLES- He is motivated by this principle and belief in the inherent worth and
dignity of every individual including juvenile offenders.
To prevent also young people from being stigmatized and marginalized by Criminal Justice System.
4. COMMUNITY BASED SOLUTION- He emphasizes the role of families, schools, and social services
addressing the needs of young offenders.
CALIFORNIA- next state to enact adult probation and juvenile court laws, both in 1903.
ADULT PROBATION LAW- this law allowed probation only in cases of a first offense, no time
period or term were stipulated and much was left by discretion of the judge.
First time or non violent offenders are eligible to serve their sentence or probation.
TWO TYPES OF ADULT PROBATION
1. FELONY PROBATION (Formal Probation)- Maximum prisoners typically last two years.
Supervised by a probation officer.
Assigned to deputy probation officer and regularly check within the judge.
2. MISDEMEANOR ( Informal Probation)- Minimum Prisoners typically over within 1 year.
aren’t formally supervised to have a probation officer but simply check within the judge at
scheduled time appearance.
•System of laws, policies and procedures that are assigned to regulate the processing and treatment
of non adult offender.
• When someone is accused under 18 years old breaking the law , the case is usually handled in
Juvenile Justice Court.
• And if 16 or 17 years old is accused of a serious offense he/she could be charge in Criminal Adult
Court .
•602 PETITION- It says that if a child did something, that would be a crime if they were 18 or older.
This can be a felony like drug sales, rape , murder.
The child became’s a “Ward” of the court as delinquent.
•601 PETITION- this a less common type of probation where the child ran away, skipped school,
broke curfew.
Things that are only against the law because they are done by children.
Thus, became also a ward of the court and they called it as “ Status Offender”
In 1903 two other states enacted general probation laws, Connecticut
and Michigan.
1. CONNECTICUT- every court was authorized to appoint one or more
probation officers.
Compensation was fixed at not exceed three dollars a day (now
considerably increased) and expenses.
General supervision of adults was assigned to the Connecticut Prison
association, a privately supported but-semi official body.
The first act limited to use probation to persons convicted of misdemeanor,
but two years later this limitation was removed, the judges being given full
discretion.
CONNECTICUT
 refers to the US State located in the North Eastern Region of the Country, part of an area known as New England.
Connecticut Prison Association along with other organizations has conducted extensive research and provide
valuable insights into the Probation System in Connecticut.
According to the reports, the Probation System in Connecticut is described as excessive unjust and expensive.
Connecticut uses probation more aggressively than other state.
The Connecticut Prison Association was tasked with the general supervision of adults on probation. This
association played a crucial role overseeing the probation process and ensuring the successful rehabilitation of
offenders. At the first act of probation in Connecticut, probation was limited only for those offender convicted of
misdemeanor.
At first, the use of probation was only applicable to persons convicted of misdemeanor, 2 years after the first act.
This limitation was lifted, granting judges full discretion to use probation sentencing option for all types of offenses.
This change give judges more flexibility in sentencing and allowed for a wider use of probation as a tool for
rehabilitation.
The First Michigan law limited to probation to first offenders.
In terms of violation in Michigan State – those first time violators can be in
jail incarcerated in not less than 5 days ;
but for those people who are 2 violators they will be in jail incarcerated in
not less than 10 days.
In Michigan State , the length of the probationary term depends on the
crime of the offender did. It also depends if he/she has a criminal history
and to the ability of his/her defense attorney. If the attorney did not defend a
person who is in felony probation, then that’s the time the judge will order
whether the offenders probationary term will became shorter.
These are the states enacted who enacted probation and Juvenile Court Law.
Main enacted a probation law for Cumberland Country (Portland) in 1906 and a
state wide law in 1909.
1907- Georgia, Indiana and Kansas enacted adult or general probation laws.
1908- in Ohio
1909- Iowa, Minesota, Nebraska North Dakota, Pennsylvania and Winconsin and by;
1910- 19 states had probation laws for adults as well as children.
1921- 28 states had such laws for adults and 46 had juvenile court laws.
1954- all but one of the 48 states had an adult probation law ( the exception being
Mississippi), and all 48 had a juvenile court law.
Now all states have probation
With the signature of President Calvin Coolidge, the Federal Probation Act became a law on March
4,1925. However federal probation survived the trying and hazardous periods of infancy and
adolescence before reaching majority and the sanction of legality.
During the subsequent 25 years, the federal probation service has grown into a system covering the
length and breadth of the United States and Territories.
Since the appointment of the first-full time period paid officer, it has established operating units in
practically ever federal distract court, and has become the largest functioning probation in the world.
By reason of the Federal Probation act, thousands of individuals convicted of violating federal law have
had the opportunity to make amends to society without the necessity of being caged behind bars.
Each passing year, as the federal probation system continues to grow, the number of lawbreakers who
have to be imprisoned decreases.
Were all defendants who were convicted prior to 1925
sentenced to imprisonment by rule of thumb in the federal
courts?
Why did the federal government for close to half century
after passage of the first state probation act in
Massachusettes, in 1878 fail to provide for probation?
The answers to these questions lie in the fact that federal
probation history began over a century before the
Congressional law providing probation for the federal
courts.
PD 603, known as the Child Welfare Code signed on December 10, 1974
by Ferdinand E. Marcos
This established the rights and responsibilities of children in the
Philippines.
Considered significant in the development of juvenile probation in the
Philippines.
It was one of the first comprehensive legal frameworks for the
protection and welfare and youth, including the child in conflict with
the law.
known as the Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act
Enacted in April 8,2006 built upon the foundations laid by PD 603 and other
previous legislations.
It established a comprehensive Juvenile Justice System in the country,
providing child-appropriate proceedings, programs, services for prevention,
diversion, rehabilitation, reintegration and aftercare.
Furthermore, this act strengthens the Juvenile Justice System, providing
more focused on comprehensive approach dealing with children in conflict
with the law.
known as the Juvenile Welfare Act of 2006
enacted in October 3, 2013 strengthening the Juvenile Justice in the Philippines.
Lowering the minimum age of criminal liability from 15 to 12 years of certain offenses.
Establishment of Bahay Pag-asa, funded and managed by LGU’s and accredited NGO’s.
“Balay ni Ambot”, Bahay Pag-asa located at the tourism village in Mabato- bato,
Lamut,Ifugao.
Over all connection of PD 603, RA 9344 and RA 10630 lies their shared goal of protecting
and promoting the rights and welfare of child and youth who are child in conflict with the
law.
Thank you!