POLLUTION

AND
IT’s TYPES
 WHAT IS POLLUTION?

• Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural

environment that cause adverse change.

• Pollution of all kinds can have negative effects on the environment

and wildlife and often impacts human health and well-being.

• It refers to the bad condition of the environment in terms of quality

and quantity.
BEFORE AFTER
• Environmental pollution is one of the most
serious problems facing humanity and other
life forms on our planet today.
TYPES OF POLLUTION

1.Air Pollution
2.Water Pollution
3.Noise Pollution
4.Soil Pollution
Air Pollution
o Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological

materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damage the environment

o The gaseous air pollutants of primary concern in urban settings include sulfur dioxide,

nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide.

o These harmful gases are released by power plants, automobiles

Examples of air pollution :
Smog
Acid rain
Indoor air pollution
Dust particles
Causes Of Air Pollution
• The burning of fossil fuels: Sulfur dioxide emitted from the combustion of fossil
fuels like coal, petroleum and other factory combustibles are one the major cause of air
pollution. Pollution emitting from vehicles cause an immense amount of pollution.

• Mining operations: Mining is a process wherein minerals below

the earth are extracted using large equipment. During the process
dust and chemicals are released in the air causing massive air
pollution.
• Agricultural activities: Use of insecticides, pesticides, and
fertilizers in agricultural activities has grown quite a lot. They emit
harmful chemicals into the air.
• Vehicle Emission: Vehicle emissions are
another source of fossil fuel emissions which
invariably leads to air pollution. Cars, heavy
duty trucks, shipping vessels, trains, and
airplanes all burn lots of fossil fuels to work.
EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION
• Respiratory and heart problems: The effects of air pollution are alarming. They are
known to create several respiratory and heart conditions along with Cancer, asthma
and among other threats to the body. Several million are known to have died due to
direct or indirect effects of Air pollution.

• Global warming: Another direct effect that the world is witnessing global warming.
With increased temperatures worldwide, increase in sea levels and melting of ice from
colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have already signaled an
impending disaster if actions for preservation and normalization aren’t undertaken
soon.

• Effect on wildlife: Just like humans, animals also face some devastating effects of air
pollution. Toxic chemicals present in the air can force wildlife species to move to a
new place and change their habitat.
Prevention Of Air Pollution
▪ Use public mode of transportation: Encourage people to use more and more public
modes of transportation to reduce pollution. Also, try to make use of carpooling.
▪ Conserve energy: Switch off fans and lights when you are going out. A large number of
fossil fuels are burnt to produce electricity. The environment by reducing the number of
fossil fuels to be burned.
▪ Emphasis on clean energy resources: Clean energy technologies
like solar, wind and geothermal are on high these days. Governments of various countries
have been providing grants to consumers who are interested in installing solar panels for
their home. This will go a long way to curb air pollution.
▪ Use energy efficient devices: CFL lights consume less electricity as against their
counterparts. They live longer, consume less electricity, lower electricity bills and also help
you to reduce pollution by consuming less energy.
 Water Pollution
🞆 Water pollution is the introduction of chemical, physical, or biological material into
fresh or ocean waters that degrades the quality of the water and affects the
organisms living in it.
🞆 Some of the main sources of water pollution include discharges from a sewage
treatment plant, a factory, or a city storm drain, nitrogen compounds from fertilized
agricultural lands.
🞆 The causes of water pollution include a wide range of chemicals and pathogens as
well as physical parameters. Contaminants may
include organic and inorganic substances.
Examples of Water pollution :
Industrial affluents
Mining and Agricultural Wastes
Sewage Disposal and Domestic Wastes
Causes Of Water Pollution
▪ Industrial waste: Industries produce a huge amount of waste
which contains toxic chemicals and pollutants which can
cause air pollution and damage to us and our environment. They
contain pollutants such as lead, mercury, sulfur, asbestos,
nitrates, and many other harmful chemicals.
▪ Sewage and wastewater: The sewage and wastewater that is
produced by each household is chemically treated and released into
the sea with fresh water. Pathogens are known as a common water
pollutant; The sewers of cities house several pathogens and thereby
diseases.
▪ The burning of fossil fuels: Fossil fuels like coal and oil when
burnt produce a substantial amount of ash in the atmosphere. The
particles which contain toxic chemicals when mixed with water vapor
result in acid rain.
Effects Of Water Pollution
• Diseases: Eventually, humans are affected by this process as well.
People can get diseases such as hepatitis by eating seafood that has
been poisoned. There is always outbreak of cholera and diseases as a
result of poor drinking water treatment from contaminated waters.

• Destruction of ecosystems: Ecosystems (the interaction of living

things in a place, depending on each other for life) can be severely
changed or destroyed by water pollution. Many areas are now being
affected by careless human pollution, and this pollution is coming back
to hurt humans in many ways.

• Death of aquatic animals: The main problem caused by water pollution is that it
kills organisms that depend on these water bodies. Dead fish, crabs, birds and
sea gulls, dolphins, and many other animals often wind up on beaches, killed by
pollutants in their habitat.
Prevention Of Water Pollution
▪ Take great care not to overuse pesticides and fertilisers. This will prevent runoffs of
the material into nearby water sources.
▪ Don’t throw litter into rivers, lakes or oceans. Help clean up any litter you see on
beaches or in rivers and lakes, make sure it is safe to collect the litter and put it in a
nearby dustbin.
▪ Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary. This helps
prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of contaminated water that needs
treatment.
▪ Be careful about what you throw down your sink or toilet. Don’t throw paints, oils or
other forms of litter down the drain. Use environmentally household products, such as
washing powder, household cleaning agents and toiletries
▪ Conserve water by turning off the tap when running water is not necessary. This helps
prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of contaminated water that needs
treatment.
 Noise Pollution
o Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the
propagation of noise with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life,
most of them harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly
caused by machines, transport, and propagation systems.
o Poor urban planning may give rise to noise disintegration or pollution, side-by-side
industrial and residential buildings can result in noise pollution in the residential
areas.

Examples of Noise Pollution:

• Loudspeakers
• Aircrafts
• Lawn care maintenance
• Construction
Causes Of Air Pollution
• Industralization- Most of the industries use big machines which are
capable of producing a large amount of noise. Apart from that,
various equipment like compressors, generators, exhaust fans,
grinding mills also participates in producing big noise.
• Poor Urban Planning- In most of the developing countries, poor
urban planning also plays a vital role. Congested houses, large
families sharing small space, fight over parking, frequent fights over
basic amenities leads to noise pollution which may disrupt the
environment of society
• Social Events- Noise is at its peak in most of the social
events. Whether it is marriage, parties, pub, disc or place of
worship, people normally flout rules set by the local
administration and create nuisance in the area.
Effects Of Noise Pollution
• Damaged brain and hearing power: High-intensity sound waves cause
unnecessary ripples in the ear canal, disturbing the fluid that aid communications
between the ear and the brain. This disturbance destroys the tiny, very delicate, hair
follicles that send signals to the brain whenever sounds enter the ear.

• Increased risk of cardiovascular diseases: Being exposed to noise pollution for ten
consecutive years or more raises your chances of suffering from at least
one cardiovascular disease later in life by 300%.Being exposed to such noises for
more than 8 hours a day could even be worse.

• Psychological disorders: The noises can lead to serious psychological disorders.

Research shows that too much noise makes people easily irritable, nervousness,
irrational in decision making, and constant unease throughout the day.
Prevention Of Noise Pollution
• Soundproofing. Industrial plants that produce a lot of noise from their machinery can use soundproof
materials to reduce high sound frequencies. At home, one can install soundproofing materials which
block the noise and associated vibrations. Double-pane windows, for example, can be an impressive
method for preventing noise pollution

• Closing the windows. To prevent unwanted noise from entering into the house and buildings, one can
simply close the windows and open them when it is quite.

•Jarring horns. To reduce the noise that is associated with continuous hoots in traffic, vehicles can
install horns that have jarring sounds. In cases where the exhaust pipes are damaged, they should be
repaired and noisy trucks banned.

•Noise-canceling headphones. They can be used by workers to reduce noise pollution in industrial and
construction workers. They filter any unwanted noise and prevent it from reaching the ears.
 Soil Pollution
🞆 Soil contamination or soil pollution as part of land degradation is caused by the presence
of xenobtics (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is
typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals or improper disposal of waste.
🞆 The concern over soil contamination stems primarily from health risks, from direct contact with the
contaminated soil, vapours from the contaminants, or from secondary contamination of water
supplies within and underlying the soil.

Examples of Land pollution :

Soil Pollution
Waste Disposal
Causes Of Soil Pollution
• Industrial activity- It has been the biggest contributor to the problem in the last century,
especially since the amount of mining and manufacturing has increased.
• Agricultural Activities- Chemical utilization has gone up tremendously since
technology provided us with modern pesticides and fertilizers. They are full of chemicals
that are not produced in nature and cannot be broken down by it.

• Waste Disposal- Industrial waste is sure to cause

contamination, there is another way in which we
are adding to the pollution. Every human produces
a certain amount of personal waste products by
way or urine and feces.
• Acid Rain-Acid Rain is caused when pollutants
present in the air mix up with the rain and fall back
on the ground. The polluted water could dissolve
away some of the important nutrients found in soil
and change the structure of the soil.
Effects Of Soil Pollution
• Inferior Crop Quality: It can decrease the quality of the crop. Regular use of
chemical fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, pesticides will decrease the fertility of
the soil at a rapid rate and alter the structure of the soil. This will lead to
decrease in soil quality and poor quality of crops. Over the time the soil will
become less productive due to the accumulation of toxic chemicals in large
quantity.
• Harmful Effect on Human Health: It will increase the exposure to toxic and
harmful chemicals thus increasing health threats to people living nearby and
on the degraded land. Living, working or playing in the contaminated soil can
lead to respiratory diseases, skin diseases, and other diseases. Moreover, it
can cause other health problems.
• Water Sources Contamination: The surface run-off after raining will carry the
polluted soil and enter into different water resource. Thus, it can cause
underground water contamination thereby causing water pollution. This water
after contamination is not fit for human as well as animal use due to the
presence of toxic chemicals.
Prevention Of Soil Pollution
• Reduce the use of plastics: Plastics and polythene bags destroy the fertility of the
soil. Hence, these should be disposed off properly and if possible, their use
should be avoided.
• Industrial pollutants: Some waste products from industries and homes pollute the
soil. These pollutants should be treated chemically to make them harmless
before they are disposed off.
• Insecticides: Other pollutants of soil include pesticides and insecticides.
• Use manures instead of chemical fertilizers.
• Industrial waste should be treated before release
• Mass awareness to reduce deforestation for industrial purposes
• Helping local people to regenerate the degrading forest.
• Planting trees.
• Avoid over-grazing of grasslands.
• Use of step-farming in hill regions
THANK YOU