Functions and

Diagram
Subject: Set Theory
Presentor: Rachelle B.
Crisostomo
 FUNCTIONS

• A mathematical correspondence that

assigns exactly one element of one set to
each element of the same or another set.
 DIAGRAM

A diagram is a symbolic
representation of information
according to some visualization
technique.
FUNCTION AND DIAGRAM

• The symbol denotes

“ a function of A into B”
FUNCTION AND DIAGRAM
In a similar manner, the diagram

• A, B, and C denotes the sets

• Arrows (f, g, and h) denotes
functions



 The sequence of the arrows {f , g}
denoting the composite function g ◦
f : A C.
 Each of the functions and g ◦ f : A C,
each arrows or sequence of arrows
connecting A to C is called “ path”
 Definition 8.1
A diagram of functions is said to be commutative
if for any sets X and Y in the diagram, any two
paths from X to Y are equal.
Example: Suppose the following diagram of
functions is commutative.

 Then i ◦ h = f , g ◦ i = j and g ◦ f = j ◦ h = g ◦
i ◦ h,
 Definition 8.1
Example: The functions and
Are inverse if and only if the following diagrams
are commutative

 Here and are the identity functions.

Restrictions and Extensions of functions

Let f be a function of A into C, i.e. let , and let B

be a subset of A. Then f induces a function which
is defined by

f’(b) = f (b)

for any b . The function f’ is called the “restriction

of f to B” and is denoted by
Restrictions and Extensions of functions

Example:

Let be defined by f (x) = . Then

f | N = {(1, 1)(2, 4)(3,9)(4, 16),…}

Is the restriction of f to N, the natural numbers

 Restrictions and Extensions of functions

Example:

The set g = {(2, 5)(5,1)(3, 7)(8, 3)(9,5)}

is a function from (2, 5, 3, 8, 9) into N.

Then
{(2, 5)(8, 3)(9, 5)}

A subset of g, is the restriction of g to (2, 8, 9) the

set of the first elements of the ordered pairs in g.
Restrictions and Extensions of functions
SET FUNCTION
 SET FUNCTION

• In mathematics, a set function is

a function whose input is a set.
The output is usually a number.
 SET FUNCTION

• Let f be a function of A into B and let T be a

subset of A, that is, and TA
• Then f(T) which is read “ f of T” is defined to be
the set of image points of elements in T.

• In other words,
f(T) = { x | f(a) = x, a T, x B
SET FUNCTION
Real – Valued Functions
Algebra of Real – Valued Functions
Algebra of Real – Valued Functions