Electron Configuration Chemistry I Mr.

Pena

Bohrs Atom Model

-Confines electrons in shells -Electrons loses energy due to movement. -Electrons can be in certain levels depending of the energy they have. -The region where we can find the electron with high probability is called the orbital.

Nature of the electron -Thompsons work show that e- behave like particles. -In 1924, Louis de Broglie states that ebehave like waves based on Bohrs model. -This was explained in the electromagnetic spectrum.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The frequency is mathematicaly related to the wavelenght: c=v Where c=speed of light (3.0 x 108 m/s) = wavelenght v= frequency

Electromagnetic Spectrum
All the frequencies or wavelenghts of electric radiation.

Electromagnetic Spectrum
-The movement of electrons produced light when received and release energy. -In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed that light have properties of light and waves.

Light Emission

Light Emission

Electron in lowest possible energy is in ground state. Electron that gains energy move to excited state. Electron release energy as go back to ground state.

Light Emission

E1=Energy in ground state E2=Energy in excited stated. Overall energy= E1-E2

Quantum Numbers
-Number that specifies the properties of the electrons.

-There are 4 quantum numbers: n, , m and ms

Quantum Numbers
n= level number (n=1 thru 7). (n-1)= Shape and type of orbital s=0 p=1 d=2 f= 3 m (from ,0,+)=Magnetic quantum number ms= Magnetic spin. Only have two possible numbers (+1/2 and -1/2)

Electron configurations -Arrangements of electrons in an atom. -Each orbital can have only 2 electrons and with different quantum numbers. This is known as Pauli exclusion principle.

Electron configuration Types and shapes of orbitals

Electron configuration

levels first. Ex. 1s<2s<2p<3s<3p

Aufbau principle -Electron fill lowest energy

Electron configuration Notations There are 3 notations: 1) Long notation or electron configuration 1s22s22p6

2) Orbital Notation
1s

2s

Electron configuration 3) Shorthand Notation or Noble Gas configuration. [Ne]3s23p4

Electron configuration

Hunds Rule -For atoms in ground state, the

number of unpaired electrons is the maximum possible and have the same spin.

Electron configuration Orbital Filling Order (Diagonal Rule)

Electron configuration
Example What is the electron configuration of an element with atomic number of 9 (Z=9) An element with z=9 is Fluorine. We start with the less energy level and orbital, so then is 1s22s22p5. The orbital notation will be then

1s 2s 2p