LESSON 6

ANALOGY
 HOW CAN YOU
COMPARE A TREE
TO LIFE?
 LEARNING TASK 1:
READ, EXAMINE AND
CLASSIFY EACH
SENTENCE BELOW AS
TO SIMILE, METAPHOR
OR ANALOGY. WRITE
YOUR ANSWERS IN
YOUR NOTEBOOK.
ANALOGY
Lesson 6
 AN ANALOGY IS A
LITERARY TECHNIQUE
THAT INVOLVES
COMPARISON OF HOW
TWO THINGS ARE ALIKE,
BUT WITH THE ULTIMATE
GOAL OF MAKING A
POINT ABOUT THIS
COMPARISON.
 ALTHOUGH OFTEN 7

QUITE SIMILAR OR
RELATED WITH
SIMILE AND
METAPHOR, AN
ANALOGY IS NOT A
FIGURE OF SPEECH.
 IT IS A RHETORICAL 8

DEVICE USED TO MAKE

RATIONAL ARGUMENTS
AND SUPPORT IDEAS
BY SHOWING
CONNECTIONS AND
COMPARISONS
BETWEEN UNLIKE
 THE MAIN FUNCTION OF ANALOGY IS NOT JUST TO SHOW, BUT ALSO TO EXPLAIN OR JUSTIFY. MEANWHILE,
FIGURES OF SPEECH LIKE SIMILE OR METAPHOR ONLY AIM TO SHOW WITHOUT PROVIDING CLEAR DESCRIPTIONS
OR EXPLANATIONS. AS SUCH, ANALOGY IS MORE COMPLEX IN NATURE THAN FIGURES OF SPEECH.
Presentation title 11

TWO TYPES OF ANALOGY

ANALOGIES THAT ANALOGIES THAT

IDENTIFY IDENTIFY SHARED
IDENTICAL ABSTRACTION.
RELATIONSHIPS.
 ANALOGIES THAT IDENTIFY IDENTICAL
12

RELATIONSHIPS. THIS TYPE OF

ANALOGY TAKES THE FORM “A IS TO B
AS C IS TO D,” AND IS OFTEN USED TO
DIRECTLY ILLUSTRATE SIMILAR
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN TWO PAIRS
OF WORDS, OFTEN FOR THE PURPOSE OF
LOGICAL ARGUMENT.

EXAMPLE: ENGLISH : LANGUAGE ::

MATHEMATICS : ARITHMETIC
The example above vividly shows the
connection between English and
language and Mathematics and
arithmetic. English is basically a
subject that focuses on language
while Mathematics deals primarily
with arithmetic or numbers.
 ANALOGIES THAT IDENTIFY SHARED 14

ABSTRACTION. THIS FORM OF

ANALOGY COMPARES TWO THINGS OR
CONCEPTS THAT ARE TECHNICALLY
UNRELATED IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH
A CONNECTION BETWEEN A
CHARACTERISTIC THAT THEY SHARE.
THIS TYPE IS COMMON AND USEFUL
IN WRITING BECAUSE IT CAN MAKE
ABSTRACT IDEAS AND CONCEPTS
MORE CONCRETE.
 EXAMPLE:
15

“WHAT SOLDIERS DO
FOR THE COUNTRY,
WHITE BLOOD CELLS
DO INSIDE THE BODY.”
 In the given example, the abstract
concept of how white blood cells
function in the body is made clear by
explaining that they protect
everything inside like how soldiers
perform their sworn duty to protect
their country.
 In writing, analogies play the
function of making abstract
concepts more concrete, adding
depth and feeling to an image, and
describing and making a point to
establish an argument.
ACTIVITY
TIME !
 LEARNING TASK 2:

IDENTIFY WHICH OF THE

STATEMENTS BELOW ARE
TRUE ABOUT ANALOGY. IN
YOUR NOTEBOOK, WRITE GO
IF THE STATEMENT IS
CORRECT AND NO IF IT SAYS
OTHERWISE.
______1. ANALOGY CAN SHOW
COMPARISONS BETWEEN UNRELATED
THINGS.
______2. ANALOGY IS JUST ANOTHER TERM
FOR SIMILE.
______3. ANALOGY CAN BE USED TO
EXPLAIN A POINT.
______4. SOME ANALOGIES COMPARE
RELATIONSHIPS.
______5. ANALOGY CAN BE USED TO
DESCRIBE UNFAMILIAR CONCEPTS
 LEARNING TASK 3:

POINT OF COMPARISON
READ THE LINES FROM
THE POEM ENTITLED
“SOOTHING AS NIGHT
WINDS ARE” BY
SALVADOR B.
 Soothing As Night Winds Are

Love is gentle, Love is quiet

Like any distant star;
Love is beauty, Love is music
Soothing as Night Winds Are
Love is patient and unselfish
Divine, true, neutral, fair
Love is ageless and immortal
Lost love is just somewhere
And the heart that love
abandons
Nurses a tender scar;
Softly stabbing and yet
sweetly
Soothing as Night Winds Are
1. WHAT OBJECT IS BEING
COMPARED TO LOVE?

2. IN WHAT WAY ARE THEY

THE SAME?
 ACTIVITY 1:

SUPPLY THE WORDS

OF THE FOLLOWING
ANALOGIES
1. MAN: WOMAN GROOM: _____
2. HUMAN: CARBON DIOXIDE
PLANTS: _________________
3. TABLE: CHAIRS
VASE: __________
4. BREAD: BUTTER
_______: CREAMER
5. SUN: MOON
_____: NIGHT
1. MAN: WOMAN GROOM: BRIDE
2. HUMAN: CARBON DIOXIDE
PLANTS: OXYGEN
3. TABLE: CHAIRS
VASE: FLOWERS
4. BREAD: BUTTER
COFFEE: CREAMER
5. SUN: MOON
DAY: NIGHT
ACTIVITY 2: COMPLETE THE SENTENCES BELOW BY FILLING 28
IN THE BLANKS WITH THE MISSING TERMS. CHOOSE YOUR
ANSWERS FROM THE OPTIONS PROVIDED BELOW. WRITE
YOUR ANSWERS IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.
Rhetorical device Figure of Speech

Identical relationships Shared abstraction

abstract
concrete
Analogy
similarities
unrelated
similar
 ACTIVITY 3:

MAKE AN ANALOGY
OF THE FOLLOWING
WORDS AND PROVIDE
THEIR SHARED
ABSTRACTIONS
1. MOTHER
2. FATHER
3. TEACHER
 HEART IS LIKE A
BATTERY- IT GIVES
LIFE TO AN OBJECT
AND STOPS WHEN IT
IS DRAINED.