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Social Exchange Theory Power Point
Social Exchange Theory Power Point
Outline
Definition Theoretical Contributors Specific Contributors Founder-Premise Theory Strengths Theory Weaknesses and Criticisms Example of Social Exchange Theory
Social Psychological and Sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. Views that all human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective costbenefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives.
Theoretical Contributors
Utilitarian Economists Humans are rational and will seek to maximize their gain Behavioral Psychology Humans will elicit behaviors that will produce greatest rewards Cultural Anthropology Exchange process derive from individuals trying to satisfy basic needs.
Specific Contributors
Marcel Mauss De-emphasized psychological needs and concentrated on groups norms as regulating the exchange relations Claude Levi-Strauss Collectivist exchange viewpoint Underlying patterns of society, and that certain costs may be required of the individual
Originators
George Homans
Credited with the to consolidation of the foundations of social exchange theory. Applied reinforcement contingencies from operant learning theory to social behavior.
Peter Blau
recognized that social structures have emergent properties not found in individual elements identified the norm of reciprocity (not always eye for an eye) mutual reciprocation is the most basic form of human interaction
Originators (Contd)
John Thibaut and Harold Kelley Role of perceived rewards and costs in encouraging and constraining behavior Start with psychological concepts build upward to the dyad and build upward from there to small groups
Homans
Perspective people will do things that are rewarding the more similar a situation is to one from the past, the more likely actions that were rewarded will be performed now rewards gain value when deprived (and vice versa) failure to get rewards expected = anger getting rewards not expected = happiness the frequency of a person doing an action depends on the value of the outcome and probability of getting it
Key Concepts
Rewards
Pleasing a Social Interaction
Resources
Material or Symbolic Exchanged in a Social Interaction
Costs
Investment of Time and Energy
Principle of Satiation
Loosing value due to increased availability
Principle of Deprivation
Increasing value due to decreased availability
Dependence
Cost as Participating in Relationship
Interdependence
Mutually dependent on the Relationship
Power
Greatest Resources Least Interested
Distributive Justice
Reward and Cost being Proprotional
Equity
Both individuals derive similar levels of rewards
Trust Satisfaction
Satisfaction = (Rewards - Cost) - Comparison Level
Commitment
Social and Intimate Exchanges
Normative Orientations
Societal/ Cultural Views on appropriateness of behavior in relationships
Power
POWER = control over rewards and punishments social power a persons ability to influence the behavior, thoughts or thoughts of another exists when one member is dependent on the other for rewards called power-dependence relations
Strengths of Theory
Criticisms
Assumes humans act rationally when deciding on an exchange Some issues are difficult to explain effectively utilizing exchange theory such as altruism Valuing self-interest Limited to dyadic relationships Difficult to have a personal approach to situations The theory assumes that the ultimate goal of a relationship is intimacy when this might not always be the case. Theory reduces human interaction to purely rational process that arise from economic
http://www.ifilm.com/video/2369479 -
By rajesh vizag