ANTHROPOLOGY, POLITICAL

SCIENCE, AND SOCIOLOGY

Presented By : Zyrah Mahumot

USCP | Module 1
 SOCIAL ← Social science is the study

SCIENCE of people:
as individuals, communities
Philosophy Sociology and societies; their behaviours
Human Geography Psychology and interactions with each
Economics Criminology
Laws other and with their built,
Linguistics
Development Studies technological and natural
Political Science
environments.
Anthropology Cultural Studies
Communication
Traditional Studies Education
1
FIELDS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

• ANTHROPOLOGY
• POLITICAL SCIENCE
• SOCIOLOGY

USCP | 2024 2
 ANTHROPOLOGY
From two Greek words, Anthropos, meaning "MAN"; and
Logos, meaning "STUDY".
It includes topics such as human origin, globalization, social
change, and world history.
It is the study of humankind in all times and all places.
It is the study of humanity including our prehistoric origins
and contemporary human diversity.

3
USCP | 2024
 GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1. Discover what all people have in common
By studying commonalities (folklores, traditions, language, etc.) in all
humanity, we could understand more about the human's nature.

2. Produce new knowledge and new theories about humankind and human
behavior
This new knowledge is then applied in an attempt to alleviate human challenges.

3. Discover what makes people different from one another in order to

understand and preserve diversity
Anthropology attempts to answer questions like, "What does it mean to be a Filipino and a citizen of
the world?" It is not enough that anthropologists find out the characteristics that make Filipinos unique,
it is also important to emphasize the Filipino traits that makes them "one" with the rest of the world.

USCP | 2024
 GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
4. Look at one's own culture more objectively like an outsider
It aims to make "the strange familiar and the familiar strange." Anthropology also challenges
individuals to evaluate and criticize their own culture. This is important so that people will be aware
of the faults in their own culture and make necessary changes for its betterment.

FIELDS OF ANTHROPOLOGY
• CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY •BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

• LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY • ARCHEOLOGY

USCP | 2024
 LI
1• CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
— refers to the study of living people and their cultures including variation and change. It
deals with the description and analysis of the forms and styles and the social lives of past
and present ages. Cultural anthropologists also study art, religion, migration, marriage,
and family.

LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY 2
—refers to the study of communication, mainly (but not exclusively) among
3 It includes the study of communication's origins, history, and
humans.
contemporary variation.
5
 • BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
LI
—Also known as "physical anthropology", this refers to the study of humans as
biological organisms including their evolution and contemporary variation. It seeks
to describe the distribution of hereditary variations among contemporary
populations and to sort out and measure the relative contributions made by heredity,
environment, and culture to human biology.

ARCHEOLOGY
—Refers to the study of past human cultures through their material remains. It
3 study of past human cultures through the recovery and analysis of
is the
artifacts. 5
 ANTHROPOLOGIST

Franz Boas Alfred Koeber Clifford Geertz Margaret Mead

Edward Bumet Bronislaw

Taylor Malinowski
 American cultural
Father of Modern Influential American
anthropologist, first
Anthropology, anthropologist, strong
Ph.D. under Boas,
implemented scientific support for symbolic
played key role at UC
method. anthropology.
Berkeley.

Franz Boas Alfred Koeber Clifford Geertz

American anthropologist English anthropologist, Influential 20th-century

known for studies of founder of cultural anthropologist, introduced
people in Oceania, anthropology, 19th-century functionalism, rejected
outspoken personality. cultural evolutionist. evolutionary paradigm.

4
Margaret Mead Edward Bumet Taylor Bronislaw Malinowski
 "The study of human social life,
groups, and society."
— Anthony Giddens

It is a systematic study of groups and

societies that people build and how these
affect their behavior.
SOCIOLOGY
It focuses on various social connections, institutions, organizations, structures, and processes

It gathers social inputs which are composed of frequent forms and manners namely:
attitude, viewpoints,
6
Mahumot| 2024
ective 1
THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF
SOCIOLOGY ENABLES US TO:
Obtain possible theories and principles about society as well as various aspects of social life; Critically
study the nature of humanity, which also leads to examining our roles within the society;

Appreciate that all things (in society) are interdependent with each other. An individual's personal
history is connected to his/her environment's history, which is also tied into the nation's history;

Broaden our familiarity on sociological facts, which are acquired through empirical process.
Incidentally, it makes us realize our prejudices on various social issues; and

Expose our minds to the different perspectives on attaining the truth. For instance, some theorists
(especially social philosophers) argue that the truth is relative. This sociological viewpoint diminishes
the theory that there is an absolute truth. Furthermore, the determination whether an action/behavior is
good or bad depends on one's social norms.
 BRANCHES OF SOCIOLOGY
Social Organization
This includes the study of social institutions, social inequality, social mobility, religious
groups, and bureaucracy.

Social Psychology
This area focuses on the study of human nature and its emphasis on social processes as they
affect individual or responses which are called "social stimuli".

Applied Sociology
This is concerned with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and
organizations. The goal of Applied Sociology is to assist in resolving social problems through the use
of sociological research
 BRANCHES OF SOCIOLOGY
Population Studies
This area includes size, growth, demographic characteristics, composition, migration, changes, and
quality vis-à-vis economic, political, and social systems.

Human Ecology
it pertains to the study of the effects of various social organizations (religious organizations,
political institutions and etc.) to the population's behavior.
Sociological Theory And Research
It focuses on the discovery of theoretical tools, methods, and techniques to scientifically explain a
particular sociological issue.
Social Change
It studies factors that cause social organization and social disorganization like calamity, drug abuse,drastic
and gradual social change, health and welfare problems, political instability, unemployment and
underemployment, child and women's issue, etc.
 SOCIOLOGISTS

Herbert Spencer Karl Marx

Auguste Comte

Emile Durkheim Max Weber


Victorian-era figure, contributed to
sociology with an encompassing
view of evolution in physical
world, biology, human mind, and
societies.
French sociologist, established
sociology as an academic discipline
and is a key figure in modern social
science alongside Marx and Weber.
Father of modern socialism,
communism, and conflict theory.
Prussian economist and activist,
foundational thinker of sociology
known for critiques of industrial
capitalism and contributions to
Marxism.

Herbert Spencer Emile Durkheim Karl Marx

One of the founders of modem pivotal in changing

sociology. He is known for his perspectives on society,
work on symbolic interaction, philosophy, and science
modern capitalism, and the through his exploration of
protestant work ethic societal laws and molding.

Max Weber Auguste Comte 4

 POLITICAL SCIENCE
is an academic discipline that deals with the study of government and
political processes, institutions, and behaviors.

It is a study of the complex behavior of various political actors such as

the government administration, opposition, and subjects.

It is the systematic study of political and government institutions and

processes.

9
 POLITICS
It originated from the Greek word 'polis", which means 'city' or
'state".
It is the art and science of governing city/state.
It is the social process or strategy in any position of control
which people gain, use, or lose power.
Due to the negative connotations of politics, the term is now
applied to many different social situations.

9
 GOVERNMENT
- Government: Expresses and enforces the state's will
- Task: Imposes social control, administers public policy
- Composition: Organized group governing a community
- Purpose: Exists for the benefit of the governed
- Elements: People, territory, sovereignty constitute the state
- State vs. Nation: State is a political concept; nation involves ethnic
elements
- Definition: Community with a government occupying a specific territory,
free from external control
9
 POLITICAL SCIENTIST
Plato Niccolo Machiavelli Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Lived about 200 years after Pythagoras. IT philosopher, diplomat, poet, musician He was a historical contemporary of Homes.
and playwright.
He's real name is Aristocles, but his Best known for the "Prince"-realist Like many of his fellow moderns Rousseau was diversely
wrestling coach dubbed him "Platon" on politics. talented, making important contributions.
"The End Justify The Means" "It is better
account of his robust figure Son of a to be feared than to be loved"
wealthy Athens family. In literature, music and philosophy. In philosophy his primary
All this done to keep peace and stabilized contributions are to political theory through the vehicles of
power. First to publicly suggest immoral Discourse on Inequality and The Social Contract.
Served in the Athens army during behaviour for government stability.
Peloponnesian War.
Students of Socrates, by whom he was
much influenced.
John Locke Baron de Montesquieu
Along with his mentor Socrates and his
student Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the
foundations of westem Philosophy and his most important contribution to He is famous for his articulation of the theory of
understanding psychology and the mind separation of powers
Science was the book. essay concerning Human
Understanding begun in 1671.it
addresses issues such as the nature of the Thought government worked best when the power of
self, the world, God and the grounds for the ruler was limited.
our knowledge of them.
Aristotle Thomas Hobbeshe
A long walk to the Golden Mean
He is towering the figure in ancient Greek philosopher, He applied rational analysis to the study of government. attack the
making contributions to logic, metaphysics, mathematics, concept of divine right, yet supported a strong monarchy.
biology, botany, ethics, politics, agriculture, medicine, dance -believe that humans were basically driven by passions and needed to be
and theatre. kept in check by a powerfulruler.
 USCP MOD1 | 2024

THANK YOU
Presented By : Zyrah Mahumot