ELECTRONICS

10
3 QUARTER-WEEK 1
rd
BRAIN TEASER
Amplitude and
Frequency
Modulation
Knowing the difference
Radio waves
• Radio waves are a type of electromagnetic
radiation best-known for their use in
communication technologies, such as
television, mobile phones and radios.
• These devices receive radio waves and convert
them to mechanical vibrations in the speaker
to create sound waves.
Activity 1: Know My Station

What are the frequencies and names of

some radio stations in the Philippines
and the locality?
Turn the radio on.
Name and locate the amplitude or
frequency of the three AM and FM radio
stations that can be heard on the radio.
Formation of radio waves
• A radio wave is generated by a transmitter
and then detected by a receiver. An antenna
allows a radio transmitter to send energy into
space and a receiver to pick up energy from
space.
• When it leaves a vertical antenna, the radio
wave resembles a huge doughnut lying on
the ground, with the antenna in the hole at
the center.
Propagation
• Radio waves transmitted by antennas in
certain directions are bent or even reflected
back to Earth by the ionosphere
• They may bounce off Earth and be reflected
by the ionosphere repeatedly, making radio
transmission around the globe possible.
 Propagation
Radio-wave transmission
reaching beyond line of sight
by means of the sky wave
reflected by the ionosphere
and by means of the ground
wave
Amplitude/frequency modulation
• AM (or Amplitude Modulation) and FM (or Frequency
Modulation) are ways of broadcasting radio signals in which both
transmit the information in the form of electromagnetic waves.
• AM works by modulating (varying) the amplitude of the signal or
carrier transmitted according to the information being sent, while
the frequency remains constant.
• This differs from FM technology in which information (sound) is
encoded by varying the frequency of the wave and the amplitude
is kept constant.
 2 Ways for carrier wave to be modulated

1. By changing
the amplitude or
height of the
carrier wave
(Amplitude
Modulation).
2 Ways for carrier wave to be modulated

2. By changing
the frequency or
how fast the
carrier wave
travels
(Frequency
Modulation).
Activity 2: Stop! Look! Write! Explain!
Carrier wave
generated by the
transmitter

Amplitude Modulated
carrier wave AM radio
signal transmitted

Electrical signal of
sound produced by
the microphone

Sound Signal fed to

the microphone
Difference between AM and FM
• AM stands for Amplitude
Modulation
• AM method of audio transmission
was first successfully carried out
in the mid 1870s.
• In AM, a radio wave known as
the "carrier" or "carrier wave" is
modulated in amplitude by the
signal that is to be transmitted.
The frequency and phase remain
the same.
• FM stands for Frequency
Modulation
• FM radio was developed in the
United states in the 1930s,
mainly by Edwin Armstrong.
• In FM, a radio wave known as
the "carrier" or "carrier wave" is
modulated in frequency by the
signal that is to be transmitted.
The amplitude and phase
remain the same.
Difference between AM and FM
• AM has poorer sound quality
compared with FM, but is
cheaper and can be
transmitted over long
distances. It has a lower
bandwidth so it can have
more stations available in any
frequency range.
• AM radio ranges from 535 to
1705 KHz (OR) Up to 1200
bits per second
• FM is less prone to
interference than AM.
However, FM signals are
impacted by physical barriers.
FM has better sound quality
due to higher bandwidth.
• FM radio ranges in a higher
spectrum from 88 to 108
MHz. (OR) 1200 to 2400 bits
per second.
Modular Activity
• Accomplish Quarter 3
Module 1- Additional
Activity –Performance
task
• Deadline:
next week Friday
(February 25 before 5PM)
Examples
 Assessment
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