CHAPTER 10: SPACE EXPLORATION

Names : Rammjayy , Vishesh , Praveen , Jaedon , Lim sze kai

Class : 3 Amzar
Subject : Science
Topic : Space Exploration
Subject Teacher : En. Razali

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10.1 Development in Astronomy

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History of solar system models

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 PTOLEMY

Geocentric model

• GREEK ASTONOMER
AND GEOGRAPHER.
• CONTRUST A
GEOCENTRIC MODEL
WITH THE EARTH AT ITS
CENTER
•AND A CIRCULAR ORBIT.
COPERNICUS

Heliocentric model
• POLISH MATHEMATICAL
ASTRONOMER ,
ECONOMIST AND
DOCTOR
• CONSTRUCT A
HELIOCENTRIC MODEL
WITH THE SUN AT ITS
CENTER AND A
CIRCULAR ORBIT
 KEPLER

• GERMAN ASTRONOMER ,
MATHEMATICIAN AND
ASTROLOGER
• MODIFY THE
HELIOCENTRIC MODEL
WITH THE SUN AT A
COMMON FOCAL POINT ON
THE ELLIPTICAL ORBIT OF
A PLANET ACCORDING TO
KEPLER’S LAW

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 Development of Technology and its
10.2
Application in Space Exploration

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A Quick History of Space Exploration

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DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY

• 11TH CENTURY : CHINA INVENTS EXPLOSIVE POWDER AND USES PRIMITIVE ROCKETS IN
BATTLE.
• 1609: THE FIRST TELESCOPE IS USED IN ASTRONOMY BY GALILEO GALILIEI
• 1957 : FIRST SATELITTE-USSR SPUTNII

• 1961 : THE FIRST MAN IN ORBIT-YURI GAGARIN, IN THE USSR VOSTOK 1

• 1969 : THE FIRST MAN TO SET FOOT ON THE MOON-NEIL ARMSTRONG, US APOLLO 11
• 1973 : FIRST FLIGHT IN JUPITER-US PIONEER 10
• 1981 : THE FIRST FLIGHT OF THE US SPACE SHUTTLE COLOMBIA
• 1989 : FIRST FLIGHT TO NEPTUNE US VOYAGER 2
• 1990 : THE US LAUNCHES THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE FROM THE DISCOVERY SPACECRAFT
• 1996 : MALAYSIAN SATELLITES MEASAT 1 AND 2 ARE LAUNCHED
• 2000 : MALAYSIA’S FIRST MICROSATELLITE, TIUNGSAT-1 IS LAUNCHED
• 2002 : THE NATIONAL SPACE AGENCY(ANGKASA) IS ESTABLISHED
• 2011 : THE INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS) IS FULLY COMPLETED
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 Space telescope

• Sextant - used to measure the altitude of a star

• Galileo Telescope - became the most widely used

astronomical tool
• Hubble space telescope - placed in orbital space 500km
from the earth's surface

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• Spitzer space telescope - detects activity in distant
outer space

• Radio Telescope - used to detect radio waves from outer space

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 Rocket

• Rockets are used widely in space explorations. When the

fuel in a rocket burns, hot gases are released at high
speed through the bottom of the rocket. The release of
these gases produces a force which pushes the rocket
upwards.
 Space Probe
• A space probe is a spacecraft that gathers information and sends it
back to Earth. Space probes do not orbit Earth like satellites but
travel further into and out of the Solar System. Space probes carry
cameras and remote sensing instruments as well as radio transmitters
and receivers for the purpose of communicating with scientists on
Earth.

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 Remote Sensing

Remote sensing is a method of gathering and recording information from a distance.

In Malaysia, remote sensing instruments are fitted to TiungSAT-1 to receive or
detect visible, ultraviolet and infrared lights produced by objects on the surface or
below the surface of Earth. The information gathered by TiungSAT-1 is then sent to
two data receiving stations at the National Planetarium Station, Federal Territory of
Kuala Lumpur and the Mission Control Station (MCGS), Bangi, Selangor.

Remote sensing technology is used in various fields in daily life as follows:

• Agriculture – To detect suitable regions for agricultural development
• Geology – To detect locations such as mineral sources, mass depletion and land
depletion
• Disaster management – To identify pollution and forest fires
• Defence – To detect intrusions of enemy ships, aircraft and vehicles
THE END

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