WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES OF

CONDITIONALS?

TYPES OF SUBJUNCTIVE TENSES/

MOODS
Conditionals
HOW DOES THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
DIFFER FROM THE CONDITIONAL MOOD?

Subjunctives
 Conditionals
EXPLANATION Conditional sentence type Usage If clause + verb tense Main clause verb tense

Zero General truths Simple present. Simple present

 Conditional tenses are used to speculate about what If it rains the grass gets wet
could happen, what might have happened, and what Type 1 A possible condition and its Simple present Simple future
probable result
we wish would happen. If it rains today you will get wet.
Type 2 A hypothetical condition Simple past Present conditional
and its probable result
 Most sentences using the conditional contain the
If it rained you would get wet.
word if.
Type 3 An unreal past condition Past perfect Perfect conditional
and its probable result in
the past
 There are five main ways of constructing If it had rained you would have gotten
wet.
conditional sentences. In all cases, these sentences
are made up of an if clause and a main clause. Mixed type An unreal past condition Past perfect Present conditional
and its probable result in
the present
If we had brought an we wouldn’t be wet
umbrella
 CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL 2- CONDITIONAL 3-
CONDITIONAL 1- YOU WISH MIXED
ZERO- THE FACTS WHO KNOWS? TOO LATE CONDITIONALS
OF LIFE  Conditional clause-
 Conditional clause-
past tense  Conditional clause- past
 Conditional clause (if) past perfect
 Both clauses are in  Main clause-present perfect (from the third
is in present simple  Main clause- perfect
present simple conditional. Usually conditional)
 Main clause (the employs 3 rhyming conditional. Usually
 Used to express eploys 3 rhyming  Main clause- present
result) in future simple hypotheticals-would,
objective info. could, should and also hypotheticals-would, could, conditional (from the
 Both the condition and were should- often with the second conditional)
result are possible added have
 Both the condition and  Refers to an unreal past
Example: If you heat result are unlikely.
 Both the condition and condition and its probable
water to 100 degrees, it result are impossible, as result in the present
boils Example: If he pops the  Expresses a wish for it refers to something
chewing gum one more a change. that has already Example: If I wasn't afraid of
time, I will lose it happened. Often spiders, I would have picked it
Example: If I were a rich expresses regret. up.
man, I would buy Voss
water Example: If you had told me
the problem, maybe I could
have helped

Conditionals- Summary
Conditionals- Continuation

•Mixed Conditionals-
second and third:

•If we had looked at the map,

we wouldn't be lost.
 Subjunctive
THE GRAMMATICAL MOOD OF A VERB INDICATES THE INTENTION OF A
EXPLANATION SENTENCE. THE SUBJUNCTIVE IS ONE OF THREE GRAMMATICAL
MOODS IN ENGLISH:
 The subjunctive mood is used to express
wishes, proposals, suggestions, or imagined
Grammatical mood Function Example
situations. A subjunctive verb usually follows
verbs such as suggest, ask, demand,
recommend, require, insist, urge, and wish.
Indicative 1. Express a fact 1.“Paris is a city.”
2. “Did you get my message?”
2. Ask a question
 In addition to these verbs, phrases like it is 3.“You can take a break if you want to.”
important that, it is necessary that, it is
3. Express a condition
urgent that, and it is imperative that are also Imperative Express a command or a request “Stop talking.”
followed by a subjunctive verb.

Subjunctive Express a wish, suggestion, demand, or “I wish I were more intelligent.”

hypothetical situation

Grammatical tense/mood
Present Subjunctive
Past Subjunctive
Imperfect Subjunctive
Perfect Subjunctive (past, present,)
The future perfect subjunctive is rarely
used as the same meaning can be
conveyed with present subjunctive
Subjunctive Tenses/Moods
Function Example
1.After verbs such as insist, suggest, recommend, 1. I suggest that your cousin apply at once
2. After adjectives such as important, essential, vital 2. It is essential that the car be waiting at the airport
3. Exclamations that express a wish or hope 3. Bless you!
The past subjunctive is used exclusively in unreal if-clauses. If I were you, I would apply right now
She acts as if she were famous
The Imperfect Subjunctive is not a tense it's a mood to express It was interesting that George would read to me the news
the same subjunctivity as the present subjunctive but in the
past.
Present perfect -used to describe denial, doubt, Present perfect: 'I hope that you have studied’, If I had been
recommendation, etc careful, I would not have fallen
Past perfect (pluperfect) -past hypothetical situations in the past Past perfect:
which are described by if- clauses.
I wish they had arrived on time, If I had been able to….
 Main Differences

Main differences between the conditional mood and subjunctive mood:

 The conditional exclusively uses if-clauses.

 Although the past subjunctive uses unreal if-clauses that are similar to the if-clauses used in the
conditional, the subjunctive mood uses them mainly to express wishes and improbable situations.
This contrasts with the conditional that amongst other things uses if-clauses to talk about what would
happen or what one would do in certain circumstances.