History Of Orthodontics

FROM BANDELETTE TO INVISALIGN

GUIDED BY- DR. PALLAVI DAIGAVANE

PRESENTED BY- DR. UTKARSHA CHAUDHARI
MDS 1ST YEAR
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the seminar, the learner
should know:

Evolution of Orthodontics with time.

Contribution during different decades

towards Orthodontics.

 Role of Indian contributors towards

Orthodontics. 2
CONTENTS
• DEFINITIONS
• ORTHODONTICS IN ANCIENT TIMES
• ORTHODONTICS IN 18TH CENTURY AND EUROPEAN DOMINANCE
• ORTHODONTICS IN 19TH CENTURY
• ORTHODONTICS IN 20TH CENTURY
• HISTORY OF ORTHODONTICS IN INDIA
• ORTHODONTICS TODAY
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES

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 DEFINITIONS:
 1911- Noyes-“The study of the relation of the teeth to the development of the
face and correction of arrested and perverted development.”
 1922- The British Society of Orthodontics- “Orthodontics includes growth
and development of jaws and face particularly and the body generally, as
influencing the position of teeth; the study of action and reaction of internal
and external influences on the development, and the prevention and
correction of arrested and perverted development.”
 The American Board of Orthodontics (ABO) and the American Association of
Orthodontics (AAO)—“Orthodontics is that specific area of dental
practice that has as its responsibility the study and supervision of the
growth and development of the dentition and its related anatomical
structures from birth to dental maturity, including all preventive and
corrective procedures of dental irregularities requiring the repositioning
of teeth by functional or mechanical means to establish normal occlusion
and pleasing facial contours.” 4
ORTHODONTICS IN ANCIENT TIMES
HIPPOCRATES(460-377 BC)
 He established a medical tradition based on facts and the
collected information was gathered into a text known as
“Corpus Hippocraticum”.
 It included description of irregularity and crowding of
teeth.

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ARISTOTLE(384-322 BC)
 He was the first one to study teeth in a broad manner.
 In his work entitled “De Partibus Animalium”, he
compared various dentitions of the known species of
animals of that time.

AULIUS CORNELIUS CELSUS(25 BC-50 AD)

 Described finger pressure to move teeth in his work ‘De
Re Medicina’.
 Advised removal of deciduous teeth once the permanent
teeth have erupted.

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AMBROSE PARÉ(1517-1590)
 First surgeon to devise an obturator for treatment of cleft
palate.
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PLINY THE ELDER
 1st to use mechanical treatment, which was filing
elongated teeth to bring them into proper alignment.

GALEN(129-199)
 Suggested treatment of irregular teeth by filing of the
teeth to gain space.

FABRICUS(1619)
 Suggested extraction of teeth in case of crowding

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 ORTHODONTICS IN 18TH CENTURY AND EUROPEAN
DOMINANCE
Years Author Contributions
1772 Entinne • Extraction of 1st premolars to preserve the symmetry of
- Bourdet jaws
1789 • Extraction of mandibular 2nd molars shortly after
eruption in case of protruded chin.
1723 Pierre • Father of modern dentistry
Fauchar • He published “The surgeon dentist, a treatise on teeth.
d • ‘Le chirugien dentiste’ 1st major description of
dentistry.
• Developed 1st expansion appliance called Bandlette.
1728 John • Natural history of teeth (1771)

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- Hunter • Growth and development of jaws
1793 • Internal structure of teeth
• 1st to use inclined plane made up of silver to treat
prognathies.
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 ORTHODONTICS IN 19TH CENTURY
Year Author Contribution
1836 Friedrich • 1st to use plaster models to record malocclusion
Christopher • He fitted his prognathic patient with a chin strap
Kniesel hence, became the first to use removable appliance.
1841 Joachim • Nouveau traite de l’ art du dentiste, used the term
Lefoulon Orthodontosie, which was simplified to ‘orthodontia’
and later ‘Orthodontics’
1841 J.M. Alexis • Precis sur le Redressement des Dents described an
Schange adaptable band clamp that was fixed to the tooth using
a screw.
• 1st to mention a need for retention period after the
treatment. Also coined the term anchorage.

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1860 Emerson C • 1st to introduce arch expansion by opening midpalatal
Angell suture.
• Father of rapid maxillary expansion.
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Year Author Contribution
1888 John Nutting • Father or Americans orthodontics.
Farrar • 1st great work- ‘Irregularities of the teeth and
their correction’.
• Laid foundation for ‘scientific orthodontics’.
• Recommended bodily movement of teeth.

1859 Norman • First obturator in 1859.

1880 William • His first book “A treatise on oral deformities as
Kingsley a branch of mechanical surgery” worked of
correction of cleft palate.
• Extraoral traction
1881 Walter Harris • Innovative method for regulation of irregular
Coffin teeth using a bent W spring made of piano

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acrylic. The spring is free to expand in the
middle and used as expansion appliance.

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 ORTHODONTICS IN 20TH CENTURY
Edward H. Angle’s contribution(1855-1930)
 "FATHER OF MODERN ORTHODONTICS."
 Orthodontics was separated from the other branches of dentistry and
the result was the specialty of orthodontics.
 First to limit his practice to orthodontics.
 His address at the Ninth International Medical Congress in
Washington, DC (1887) titled Notes on Orthodontia with a New

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System of Regulation and Retention, demonstrated his classification
of tooth movements and his novel orthodontic devices.
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 In 1889, he patented a jackscrew mechanism, the 1st of his 46 patents.
 He founded (1903) the first postgraduate school of orthodontics
(Angle School of Orthodontia).
 He also organized the first orthodontic society meeting, The American
society of Orthodontist, now American Association of Orthodontists
in 1900.
ANGLE’S CLASSIFICATION
 Published in Dental Cosmos (1899), remains the most widely
accepted classification of malocclusions.

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 Based on the relationship between the mesiobuccal cusp of the
maxillary first permanent molar and the buccal groove of the
mandibular first permanent molar. 12
ANGLE’S APPLIANCES

E arch appliance(1887) Pin and Tube appliance (1910)

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First edgewise appliance(1928) Ribbon arch appliance
(1915)
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DR. CALVIN SUVERIL CASE(1847-1923)
In 1921 Case published his major work, “A Practical Treatise on
the Techniques and Principle of Dental Orthopedia and
Prosthetic Correction of the Cleft Palate”

Pioneer of orthodontic mechanotherapy.

First to stress on importance of root movement.

First one to use rubber elastics in treatment.

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He used light, small gauge, resilient wires for tooth alignment.

Worked on cleft lip and palate rehabilitation. Case type of

obturator is still used in few cases. 14
MARTIN DEWEY (1881-1933)
 Dewey stressed on the importance of a blend of the

biologic and mechanical aspect of orthodontics.

 Modified Angle’s classification of malocclusion in 1915.

 With the help of Dr. CV Mosby, Dewey founded and

became editor of ‘International Journal of Orthodontia’

in 1915 (now known as American Journal of

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Orthodontics).

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CHARLES TWEED(1895-1970)
 Emphasized the 4 objectives of orthodontic treatment concern for
facial esthetics.
 Developed the concept of uprighting teeth over basal bone with
emphasis on the mandibular incisors.
 Made the extraction of teeth for orthodontic correction
acceptable and popularized the extraction of first premolars.

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 Enhanced the clinical application of cephalometrics.
 Introduced anchorage preparation as a major step in treatment.

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RAYMOND BEGG
 In 1954, Raymond Begg of Australia, gave his
concept of attritional occlusion. In 1956, he
introduced the concept of differential force.
 In 1960, he introduced his multiple-loop light-force
wire appliance, which continues to be in use today.
 In Australia he began to use edgewise mechanism.
 In February 1928 he began, when indicated, to
remove teeth and/ or reducing their widths by

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stripping.

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Year Author Contribution
1908 Charles Hawley Hawley’s retainer
1931 Holly Broadbent • Roentgegographic cephalometer
• New point reference on skull- Bolton’s point.
1972 Lawrence Andrews • Developed Straight Wire appliance(modification
of edgewise appliance).
• Known for six keys of normal occlusion.
1969 Newman Introduced bonding in orthodontics.
1976 Dr Craven kurz Introduced Lingual technique
1980 Peter Kesling Introduced tip-edge appliance, as a combination of
Begg and the straight wire appliances.
1980-1990 McLaughlin, Bennett, MBT prescription
Trevisi

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1987 Ceradyne Introduction of ceramic brackets
1990 Creekmore and Introduction of Temporary Anchorage
Ekland Devices(TADs)
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 HISTORY OF ORTHODONTICS IN INDIA
Year Event
1935 Beginning of Orthodontics in India
1939 Dr HD Merchant-
• First series of lectures in Orthodontics at the Nair Hospital Dental College,
Bombay.
• Father of Indian Orthodontics
• First Department of Orthodontics was properly established in 1939 in Nair
Hospital Dental College under Dr HD Merchant.

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1966 1st conference held by IOS in New Delhi
1999 Indian Orthodontic Society establishes ‘Indian Board of Orthodontics’ which
was 3rd in world.
2009 1st SAARC orthodontic conference with Prof O. P. Kharbanda as president 19
DR HD MERCHANT-
 First series of lectures in Orthodontics at the Nair Hospital Dental
College, Bombay.
 Father of Indian Orthodontics
 First Department of Orthodontics was properly established in 1939 in
Nair Hospital Dental College under Dr HD Merchant.
 Founder Member of Indian Dental Association. He was Convenor of
Dental Gold Panel (1962-1963).

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 Founder Member and first President of the Indian Orthodontic Society
(1965-1968) and also the first editor of JIOS from 1968 to 1974
 His main area of expertise was removable mechanotherapy
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DR. PREM PRAKASH
 IOS President (1967–1969)
 In 1953,He started his private practice at Lotus House, Marine
Lines, Mumbai. He was the first orthodontist to start exclusive
Orthodontic Practice in India.
 Dr. Prem Prakash attended the first course of Begg Technique
given by Dr. Begg in 1953.
 In 1954, he joined the CEM Dental College as an honorary visiting
lecturer. He ushered in Begg’s Era in India in the 1960s.
 He had converted his earlier edgewise practice to Begg Practice.
 Dr. Prem Prakash was the second President of the IOS. He was the

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first examiner of IBO.

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DR. ASHOK B. MODI
IOS President (1969–1971)
 He was considered an authority on functional appliances.
 He was appointed by many dental companies as their advisor
because of his thorough knowledge about the functioning of dental
equipment.

DR. H. S. SHAIKH
IOS President (1971–1973)
 Dr Shaikh was trained under Dr Prem Prakash

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 He popularized Begg technique in India.

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DR. NAISHAD PARIKH
 He was chosen as the first student to do his internship at Boston
University US by the Indian Dental Association (IDA) in 1957.
 He introduced Jaraback technique in India in 1961
 Introduced canine retractors.

DR. KEKI MISTRY

 Keki Mistry, one of the first dental specialists who introduced orthodontics and
specialty dentistry to India

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 Oral Health Day, celebrated by WHO on April 7 every year, was conceptualized by
him.

 Introduced straight wire appliances. 23

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 FUTURE OF ORTHODONTICS

As technology continues to improve, so will the treatments and

techniques used by orthodontists. Today, artificial intelligence,
nanotechnology, and smart tech are already being leveraged to create
more efficient and accurate orthodontic treatments. Some smart
technology appliances can move teeth faster without additional office
visits beyond the initial fitting.

The history of orthodontics is an interesting one, and it’s exciting to

think of what advancements may come in the future. As technology
continues to improve, we can expect orthodontic treatment to become

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even more successful.

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CONCLUSION

Orthodontics has achieved the status of a recognized specialty of dentistry because of

a long period of craftsmanship and professional expertise.

Our objective has always been to provide for the preservation of dental health
through the conservation of oral structures and the maintenance of dental function.

 Orthodontics, and indeed all of dentistry if it is to survive as a profession, must

continually reexamine its history and find relevant and significant ideals to meet the
crises of today.

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A FEW ADVERTISEMENT CUTTINGS
FROM THE PAST

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REFERENCES
 GRABER’S TEXTBOOK OF ORTHODONTICS: BASIC
PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE.
TEJA MV, TEJA TS, SHETTY S, KASHYAP R. THE RISE OF
INDIAN ORTHODONTICS: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE. J IND
ORTHOD SOC 2013;47(3):113-120.
KHARBANDA OP. ORTHODONTICS: DIAGNOSIS AND
MANAGEMENT OF MALOCCLUSION AND DENTOFACIAL
DEFORMITIES, E-BOOK. ELSEVIER HEALTH SCIENCES; 2019
NOV 14.
PHULARI BS. HISTORY OF ORTHODONTICS. JP MEDICAL
LTD; 2013 JUN 30.
THANK YOU
THOSE THAT INNOVATE THE FUTURE
UNDERSTAND HISTORY THE BEST