Ideal and Functional Occlusion

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 Dental College Quetta
Theme:-Occlusion
Sub-Theme:- Andrews Six Keys to normal occlusion
Date/Time Goals and Objectives Methodology Time Assessment
01/11/2023  Classification of 1. Article Reading 1) Viva
occlusion
2. Small group 2) Spot test
 Characteristics of normal discussion 35 min
10:00am occlusion. 3) Reflections
3. Debriefing 25 min
 Importance of Six-keys of
normal occlusion.

 Classical guidelines in
orthodontic diagnosis.

Resources:Am.J.Orthod,sep 1972,lawrence F,Andrews

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• Lecture by:
Dr. Nasrullah Mengal

• Presenter
Dr. Sumbal Hayat

• Facilitators:
Dr.Atika iftikhar

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 Occlusion

Occlusion is the static relationship of teeth and

is basic to all aspect of dentistry.

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 Classification Of Occlusion
Ideal Occlusion: The coincidence of centric
occlusion and centric relation(CO=CR),when
there is freedom for mandible to move slightly
forward from that occlusion in same sagittal and
horizontal plane (freedom in centric occlusion)

What is occlusion. British dental journal.

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191,235-245(2001)
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 Rotation around vertical axis

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 Functional Occlusion

Arrangement of teeth which will provide the

highest efficiency during all the excursive
movements of mandible which are necessary
during function.

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 Laterocursive movement

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 Laterocursive Movement

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 Protrusive movement

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 Andrews 6 keys of idea occlusion
1. Molar relation ship
2. Crown angulation
3. Crown inclination
4. Rotation
5. No spaces
6. Plane of occlusion

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 Molar relationship
• The distal surface of the distobuccal cusp of
the upper first permanent molar made contact
and occluded with the mesial surface of the
mesiobuccal cusp of the lower second molar.
• The mesiodistal cusp of the upper first
permanent molar fell within the groove
between the mesial and middle cusps of the
lower first permanent molar.

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 Crown angulation
• Angulation (or tip) of the long axis of the
crown
• The gingival portion of the long axis of each
crown was distal to the incisal portion, varying
with the individual tooth type.
• The long axis of the molar crown is identified
by the dominant vertical groove on the buccal
surface of the crown.

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 Crown inclination
• Angle formed by a line which bears 90 degrees to the
occlusal plane and a line that is tangent to the bracket
site (which is in the middle of the labial or buccal long
axis of the clinical crown, as viewed from the mesial or
distal).
• A plus reading is given if the gingival portion of the
tangent line (or of the crown) is lingual to the incisal
portion
• A minus reading is recorded when the gingival portion
of the tangent line (or of the crown) is labial to the
incisal portion,
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• A minus crown inclination existed in each
crown from the upper canine through the
upper second premolar. A slightly more
negative crown inclination existed in the
upper first and second permanent molars
• A progressively greater “minus” crown
inclination existed from the lower canines
through the lower second molars

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 Absence of rotations
• The teeth should be free of undesirable
rotations
• If rotated, would occupy more space than
normal, creating a situation unreceptive to
normal occlusion.

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 No spaces

The fifth key is that the contact points should be

tight (no spaces).

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 Occlusal plane
• The planes of occlusion should range from flat
to slight curves of Spee
• Intercusspation of teeth is best when the
plane of occlusion is relatively flat

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