LEARNING OUTLINE

• #1: What Makes Someone A Manager?

• #2: What Is Management and What Do Managers Do?
• #3: What Characteristics Define An Organization?
• #4: What Are The Challenges To Managing?
DEFINING THE MANAGER’S
TERRAIN
MANAGERS:
- Coordinate work activities to achieve organizational goals.
- Their ability to act is affected by both the internal culture of
the organization and the constraints of the external
environment – including the global environment.
- Also deal with complicated ethical and social responsibility
issues as they plan, organize, lead and control.
- Someone who works with and through other people by
coordinating their work activities in order to accomplish
organizational goals.
 TYPES OF MANAGERS
•First-line Managers
• Managers at the lowest level manage the work of non-managerial
employees directly or indirectly involved with the production or
creation of the organization’s products.

•Middle Managers
• Managers between the first-line level and the top level of the
organization who manage the work of first-line managers

•Top Managers
• Managers at or near the top level are responsible for making
organization-wide decisions and establishing plans and goals
affecting the entire organization
EXHIBIT 1.1 MANAGERIAL LEVELS

Top
Top
Managers
Managers
Middle Managers
Middle Managers
First-Line Managers
First-Line Managers
Nonmanagerial Employees
Nonmanagerial Employees
EXHIBIT 1.2 EFFICIENCY AND
EFFECTIVENESS IN MANAGEMENT
Efficiency (Means) Effectiveness (Ends)
Resource Goal
Usage Attainment
Low Waste High Attainment

Management Strives for:

Low Resource Waste (high efficiency)
High Goal Attainment (high effectiveness)
EXHIBIT 1.3 SKILLS NEEDED AT
DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT LEVELS
Top
Conceptual
Managers
Skills
Middle Human
Managers Skills
Technical
Lower-level
Managers Skills

Importance
EXHIBIT 1.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF
ORGANIZATIONS