Dog Food

Nutrition and Production

Outline
• Types of Dog Food
• Pet Food Nutrition Guidelines
• Nutrient Requirements
• Important Considerations
• Dog Food Production
• Nutrient Comparison
• Price Comparison
Types Dog Food
1. Moist
2. Semi-moist
3. Dry
Types Dog Food
• Moist
 typically contain proteinaceous materials (e.g., meat, meat by-products, or fish)
 have a final moisture content of 65% or more
 have a limited refrigerated shelf life after opening.
Types Dog Food
• Semi-moist
 semi-moist pet foods are prepared using a combination of proteinaceous and
farinaceous ingredients (e.g., wheat, oats, or other cereal grains)
 have final moisture content between 20 and 65%.
Types Dog Food
• Dry
 generally prepared using primarily farinaceous ingredients along with a small
proportion of proteinaceous materials.
 less than 20% moisture content
 drypet foods with a moisture content of 8–9% usually have a dry and crunchy texture,
while other formulations with moisture content between 10–15% have a softer texture
 drypet foods include baked, pelleted, and extruded foods, with extruded foods the most
common.
 dry pet foods generally are less attractive to pets than moist or semi-moist pet foods,
probably because of their lower flavor appeal while some pets may prefer dry pet foods
because of their textural characteristics.
Pet Food Nutrition Guidelines
1. NRC
2. AAFCO
3. FEDIAF
Pet Food Nutrition Guidelines
• NRC – National Research Council
 private, non-profit organization that collects and evaluates research done by others. The
NRC establishes minimum nutrients needed for growth and maintenance of healthy dogs
(and much more).
 is a division of the National Academy of Sciences (USA).
 The NRC has been publishing reports on the nutrient requirements of many animal
species since the 1940s.
 NRC publications for dogs in 1974 and for cats in 1978 formed the basis for the nutrient
recommendations used by most pet food manufacturers in the 1970s and early 1980s.
 In 2006, the NRC published updated recommendations for dogs and cats.
 The recommendations already included minimum and maximum amounts or
concentrations for each nutrient.
 This makes it easier to make a complete and balanced diet for healthy animals.
Pet Food Nutrition Guidelines
• AAFCO – Association of American Feed Control
 non-profit organization consisting of government inspectors, veterinarians, and
scientists from the United States and Canada.
 consists of officials responsible for regulating the sale and distribution of animal
feed and drugs.
 also establishes standard ingredient definitions and nutritional requirements for
pet food.
 AAFCO has been in existence since 1991 (for dogs) and 1992 (for cats). It
publishes annual pet nutrition recommendations when new research results are
available.
 To be labeled “complete and balanced” in the U.S., food must meet AAFCO
requirements
Pet Food Nutrition Guidelines
• FEDIAF – European Federation of Pet Food
Producers
 organization that publishes nutrient recommendations for pet food.
 brings together organizations from 26 European countries (these are not
necessarily European Union countries) through 18 national or regional pet food
associations.
 represents about 650 companies producing more than 90% of pet food in Europe.
 national organizations in FEDIAF represent producers, packers, and importers of
finished pet foods, including foods for dogs, cats, birds, and other pets.
 cooperates with many European authorities for the implementation of pet food
legislation. The main objective is to ensure the production and distribution of
safe, nutritionally balanced, and palatable pet food.
Nutrient Requirements
1. Energy
2. Protein
3. Carbohydrate
4. Fat
5. Water
Important Considerations
1. Palatability
2. Omega 3&6
3. Odor Control
Important Considerations
• Palatability
a measure of subjective food preference and depends on taste, texture, and odor.
 drypet foods tend to be low in terms of their palatability to dogs compared to the wet
and semi-moist types
 palatantscan mimic different flavors – look at the label of ‘beef’ dry food and you’ll
normally see that it contains not only beef but other proteins, usually disguised as ‘meat
meal’ or ‘poultry meal’
Important Considerations
• Palatability
 whendeveloping new products of pet foods, manufacturers must achieve a balance
between nutrition quality and sensory appeal
 pet
foods with the high nutritional quality might not be consumed if they have low
sensory appeal to pets, resulting in a low repeat purchase intention by pet owners.
Important Considerations
• Omega 3&6
 help maintain healthy skin and shiny coat
 promote a strong immune system
 play a role in cell growth.
Important Considerations
• Odor Control
 dog owners are often living in close proximity with their dogs.
 pet
owners are looking for solutions to minimise the offensive odour coming
from their pets’ stool.
 aningredient that has gained increasing attention in the pet food industry is
Yucca schidigera extract.
Production
Production
Production
Production
Production
Nutrient Comparison
PUPPY BRAND MOISTURE (%) PROTEIN (%) FAT (%) FIBER (%) ASH (%) CALCIUM (%) PHOSPHORUS (%)

MAX. MIN. MIN. MAX. MAX. MAX. MAX.

AAFCO 22.50 8.50 1.20 1.00

FEDIAF 25.00 8.50 1.00 0.90

TOP BREED 12.00 28.00 12.00 4.00

PEDIGREE 12.00 26.00 10.00 5.00 1.80 1.40

NUTRICHUNKS 10.00 22.00 8.00 4.00

VITALITY 8.00 27.00 16.00 3.50

Nutrient Comparison
ADULT BRAND MOISTURE (%) PROTEIN (%) FAT (%) FIBER (%) ASH (%) CALCIUM (%) PHOSPHORUS (%)

MAX. MIN. MIN. MAX. MAX. MAX. MAX.

AAFCO 18.00 5.50 0.50 0.40

FEDIAF 21.00 5.50 0.58 0.46

TOP BREED 10.00 20.00 10.00 5.00

PEDIGREE 12.00 18.00 8.00 5.00 1.40 1.30

NUTRICHUNKS 10.00 18.00 6.00 4.00

VITALITY 8.00 21.00 10.00 3.50

Price Comparison
BRAND PUPPY ADULT
TOP BREED ₱98.00 ₱78.00
PEDIGREE ₱170.00 ₱140.00
NUTRICHUNKS ₱162.00 ₱128.00
VITALITY ₱196.00 ₱176.00