INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL

TOURISM, GEOGRAPHY, AND

CULTURE
TOURISM
• Tourism- the act and process of spending time away from home in
pursuit of recreation, relaxation, and pleasure, while making use of
the commercial provision of services.
• The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) defines
tourism as people “traveling to and staying in places outside their usual
environment” for leisure, business, or other purposes. For travel to qualify
as tourism under this definition, it must last more than 24 hours and not last
more than one year.
 UNWTO
• The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is the United
Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible,
sustainable and universally accessible tourism.
GEOGRAPHY
Geography came from the greek words "geo," meaning "earth" and "graphy" which means to "write". In contemporary
geography, it is a science more than writing (Rubenstein, et al., 2013). It means the description of the earth (Hobbs,
2007). According to the Royal Geographical Society geography is defined as the study of the earth's landscape people
places and environment.
 ELEMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY
The national geographic society identified six essential elements of geography
(Hobbs, 2007) proving that geography
is broad and encompassing. These are:

1.WORLD IN SPATIAL TERMS - geography studies the relationships between

people, places and environments by mapping
information about them into a spatial context.
2. PLACES AND REGIONS - the identities and lives of individuals and people i
rooted in particular places and in those human
constructs called regions.
3. PHYSICAL SYSTEMS - physical processes shaped earth's surface and interact
with the plant and animal life to create, sustain,
and modify ecosystems.
4. HUMAN SYSTEMS - people are central to the geography human
activities, settlements, and structures help shape the earth's surface, and
humans compete for control of earth’s surface.
5. ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY - the physical environment is
influenced by how human societies value and use Earth’s physical features
and processes.
6. USES OF GEOGRAPHY - knowledge of geography enables people to
develop an understanding of the relationships between people, places, and
environments overtime- that is of ate as it was, is, and as it might be
 RULES OF GEOGRAPHY IN TOURISM
• The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) states that "tourism comprises the activities of persons
traveling to and staying in places outside the usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure
businesses and other purposes." the definition revealed that the graphical characteristics of tourism as it covers people and
its activities, places, destinations, and environment. This simply gives us an idea on the roles of geography in tourism,
such as the following:
• PRODUCT OF TOURISM AND TRAVEL MOTIVATOR - attractions are the most important pillar of tourism, which
serves as a pull factor that brings tourist to the destination or it's a visit (Bonafice et al., 2016). It also serves as the major
travel motivator that drives theories to seek new destinations. Understanding tourist motivations for traveling is essential
to the business aspects of the tourism industry. Mainly physical and cultural features of the place often catch the interest
of the travelers. The desire to travel is ignited with the idea of discovering the world's wonders. Every country in the
world boost its resources. This can be landforms, bodies of water, climate, people, and culture.
• Climate refers to the existing weather condition in the region in the Philippines people only experience wet or rainy and
dry or summer seasons. In this sense the climate becomes an attraction that pulls travelers to visit a certain country.
• Bodies of water account for rivers waterfalls seas lakes lagoons and name a few
• Rivers are made of fresh water running toward larger bodies of water like oceans or
seas.
• Waterfalls are cascades of water running down to a natural basin. This body of
water draw tourist due to its extraordinary beauty.
• Seas our bodies of salt water. Apart from their charm various activities also draw
tourists to seas.
• Lakes are large inland bodies of water. Lagoons are shallow sea waters and divided
by a sandbar or coral reef.
• Snorkeling activities can be best experience in these.
• Oceans are innermost body of water. There are four major oceans in the world in
these are the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean.
Landforms are formations on the earth's surface. These are mountains valleys and plateaus.

Mountains are land formations attracting travelers with great interest in hiking and climbing. Mt. Everest in Nepal,
Mt.
Andes in Peru and Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania are some of the popular mountains in the world that mostly get the
mountaineers attention.

Valley a lowland areas between wheels or mountains. Sometimes a river runs through it.

Plateau or high plains are remarkable formations where the top of highest point of elevation is flat or plane. There
are amazing plateau worth visiting like Kukenan Tepui in Venezuela and Tibetan Plateau, also known as the "rooftop
of the world," it is considered as the highest plateau in the world.

Apart from the earth's physical features, travelers are also motivated by the cultural attributes of the destination.
People's way of life manifested in their food, politics, language, religion, and economic activities play a significant role
in encouraging tourist to visit a specific place or country
Travel Or Itinerary Planning - tourism practitioners and tourist find
geography significant in tourism in terms of traveling or itinerary planning. in
this sense, geography is seen as a tool in locating places & identifying
distance, common notion of some about geography. However, tourism and
travel trade professionals view geography beyond location and distance. it
goes beyond the purchasing of flight tickets, obtaining tour packages and
booking hotel rooms.
 TYPES OF MAPS
A map is a flat representation of the world. It contains pertinent information about a
particular area. However the earth is inherently complex that it is impossible to put all the
details in a map. In tourism, maps are often used to locate a destination and ascertain
distance from origin to destination.

There are various types of maps you can use.

o Road map shows main roads and access to points of interest such as city landmarks and
parks
o Political map focuses on the boundary of a certain nation.
o Physical map generally shows mountains and bodies of water in a certain place.
o Climate map sent information pertaining to the climate a particular area.
o Economic map is a type of map showing the economic resources available in the area
tobacco and iron.
o Mental map is our personal geographic location of information and facts about a certain
place of location (Hobbs, 2007).
ECONOMIC MAP
POLITICAL MAP
CLIMATE MAP
ROAD MAP
PHYSICAL MAP
WORLD CONTINENTS

THE WORLD IS FULL OF ATTRACTIONS SCATTERED ALL OVER THE

SEVEN CONTINENT LOCATED IN 197 COUNTRIES. THE SEVEN
CONTINENTS
ARE
1.NORTH AMERICA-23 COUNTRIES
2.SOUTH AMERICA-12 COUNTRIES
3.EUROPE-50 COUNTRIES
4.AFRICA-54 COUNTRIES
5.ASIA-48 COUNTRIES
6.AUSTRALIA-3 COUNTRIES
7. ANTARCTICA-0
 AFRICA
NORTH AMERICA
ASIA

EUROPE

SOUTH AMERICA
AUSTRALIA

ANTARTICA
Half of earth's sphere is called a hemisphere the northern and southern hemispheres
are separated by the equator, an imaginary horizontal line at 0 degrees latitude. The
eastern and western hemispheres are separated by the prime meridian, a vertical
imaginary line at 0 degree longitude, and it is also the reference of time in the world.
Longitude has a great role in the time calculation wherein a 360 degrees longitude is
equivalent to 24 hours. The imaginary line toward west of prime meridian indicates a
time behind; every 15 degrees is equivalent to 1 hour. Earth's eastward rotation from
the prime meridian is ahead in time. Time zones of the east hemisphere show a plus
sign prior to each number.
International Date Line (IDL) is an imaginary longitudinal line that lies at above
180° of the prime meridian. The prime
meridian is the line that divides western and eastern these are some the visitor or day
tripper is a person who stays at the
destination for less than a day or more than 24 hours hemispheres. This longitude 0°
0 line runs thru Greenwich, England; that is why it is also called as Greenwich
Meridian. It serves as a point of reference to measure the distance any place on earth
from east to west
International Tourism
The UNWTO defines, "Tourism comprises the activities of persons
traveling to and staying in places outside their
usual environment for not more than one consecutive year four leisure,
business and other purposes." The person in this
definition is referred to as a visitor and can be classified as:
o Excursionist or same day visitor or day tripper is a person who stays the
destination less than a day or more than 24
hours.
o Tourist stays at the destination for at least 24 hours or overnight, but the
stay does not exceed a one year.
Tourist engage in international tourism our residents visiting places outside their
home country. This type of travel required documents such as a passport and a
visa before leaving the country and permitted entry into the foreign country.

Passport is a major requirement in traveling outside one's country. It is an official

and legal document issued by the government to its citizens. There are different
types of passports in the Philippines issued by the Department of Foreign Affairs.
1. Regular passport issued to Filipinos traveling internationally.
2. Diplomatic passports are provided to diplomatic officials of the country and
3. Official passport issued for official business to the employees of the Philippine
Government

Basic Travel Documents a. Passport, valid at least six (6) months from the date of
departure; b. Appropriate valid visa, whenever required; c. Boarding pass; and d.
Confirmed return or roundtrip ticket, when necessary.
In securing a Philippine passport, one is required to:
1. Appear personally at the department of foreign affairs or any of their satellite offices.
You cannot just visit their office
anytime you want
2. Have a confirmed appointment made before the appearance to the department. You can
set an appointment through
their website (http://www.dfa.gov.ph)
3. Accomplish a printed application form that can be downloaded from the DFA
appointment system. The necessary
documents required include a birth certificate issued by the Philippine statistic office,
valid id pictures, and other supporting
documents to prove your identity.
Documents needed in travelling abroad are not limited to passports. Entry in other
countries needs an endorsement
issued by the consular office of the country to be visited, which allows the bearer an entry,
otherwise known as a visa. Visa
requirements vary per country, not all nations require a visa from their visitors.