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HYPOTHESIS
 Purposes, Functions, and Importance
of hypothesis in specific question
 Preparing the Research Outline

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HYPOTHESIS
Is an idea or explanation for
something that is based on known
facts but has not yet been proved.
In other words, it's a statement
that provides an explanation for
why or how something works,
based on facts (or some
reasonable assumptions), but that
has not yet been specifically
tested.
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Null Hypothesis Complex Hypothesis

TYPES OF Non-Directional
Simple Hypothesis
HYPOTHESIS Hypothesis

Causal and Associative

Directional Hypothesis
Hypothesis

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Null Hypothesis
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- I t s t a t e s t h a t o n e v a r i a b l e d o e s n ' t a ff e c t t h e o t h e r v a r i a b l e s b e i n g
studied. A null hypothesis asserts that two factors or groups are
independent of each other and that some traits of a population or process
a r e i d e n t i c a l . To c o n t r a d i c t o r i n v a l i d a t e t h e n u l l h y p o t h e s i s , w e m u s t a s s e s s
the likelihood of the alternative hypothesis in addition to the null
hypothesis.

Simple Hypothesis
-T h e re a re t w o t y p e s o f v a r i a b l e s i . e , d e p e n d e n t a n d i n d e p e n d e n t
variables. A simple hypothesis shows the relationship between the
dependent and independent variables. For example, if you pump petrol into
your bike, you can go for long rides. Here bike is the dependent variable and
petrol is the independent one.

Directional Hypothesis
-A directional hypothesis is a researcher 's prediction of a positive or
n e g a t i v e c h a n g e , r e l a t i o n s h i p , o r d i ff e r e n c e b e t w e e n t w o v a r i a b l e s i n a
population. This statement is often supported by prior research, a widely
e s t ab l i s h ed t h eo r y, co n s i d e ra b l e ex p er i e n ce , o r re l ev an t l i t e ra t u re .

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Complex Hypothesis
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-T h e c o m p l ex h y p o t h e s i s s h ow s t h e re l a t i o n s h i p t h a t c o m e s b e t w e e n
two or more dependent and independent variables. For example, if you pump
petrol in your bike, you can go for long rides, also you become an expert in
riding a bike, you explore more places and come across new things.

Non-directional Hypothesis
-T h e re i s n o t h e o r y f o r t h i s k i n d . U n l i ke t h e d i re c t i o n a l h y p o t h e s i s ,
there are no predictions. We can say there is a relation between the
variables but prediction and nature are unknown.

Causal and Associative Hypothesis

- I f t h e r e i s a c h a n g e i n o n e v a r i a b l e a n d a s a r e s u l t , i t a ff e c t s t h e
other variable, then we say it is associative. Meanwhile, the causal
h y p o t h e s i s c o m e s i n t o p l a y w h e n t h e c a u s e a n d e ff e c t i n t e r a c t i o n o c c u r s
between two or more variables.

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Purposes, Functions,
and Importance of
hypothesis in specific
question

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PURPOSES OFMaster title style
HYPOTHESIS

Guides/gives direction to the study/investigation

Defines Fact that are relevant and not relevant
Suggest which form of research design is likely to be the most
appropriate
Provides a framework for organizing the conclusions of the
findings
Limits the research to specific area
Offers explanations for the relationships between those
variables that can be empirically tested
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 FUNCTIONS
Click OF HYPOTHESIS
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Following are the functions performed by the hypothesis:

•It tells us the specific aspects of studies •The construction of the hypothesis led
we investigate. It provides study with to objectivity in the investigation
focus.

•It helps to formulate the theory for the

•It filters out the data that have to be
research work and sort out what is
collected for the work.
wrong and right.

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IMPORTANCE title style
OF HYPOTHESIS

• It ensures the entire research methodologies are scientific and valid.

• It helps to assume the probability of research failure and progress.
• It helps to provide link to the underlying theory and specific research
question.
• It helps in data analysis and measure the validity and reliability of the
research.
• It provides a basis or evidence to prove the validity of the research.
• It helps to describe research study in concrete terms rather than
theoretical terms.

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Stepsto
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Write a Research
Master Paper Outline
title style

1. Write down all important ideas 2. Answer questions such as – what is

that occur to you concerning the the topic of my paper? Why is the topic
research paper. important? How to formulate the
hypothesis? What are the major
findings?

3.Add context and structure. Group all your

ideas into sections – Introduction, Methods,
Results, and Discussion/Conclusion.

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Stepsto
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Write a Research
Master Paper Outline
title style

4. Add relevant questions to each

5. Expand the ideas based on the
section. It is important to note
questions created in the paper
down the questions. This will help
outline.
you align your thoughts.

6. After creating a detailed outline,

discuss it with your mentors and
peers.

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Stepsto
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Write a Research
Master Paper Outline
title style

8. The process of real writing

7. Get enough feedback and decide
begins.
on the journal you will submit to.

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Benefits of Creating a Research Paper Outline
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“
A research paper outline organizes the researcher’s thoughts and
gives a clear picture of how to formulate the research protocols and
results. It not only helps the researcher to understand the flow of
information but also provides relation between the ideas.

A research paper outline helps researcher achieve a smooth transition

between topics and ensures that no research point is forgotten.
Furthermore, it allows the reader to easily navigate through the research
paper and provides a better understanding of the research. The paper
outline allows the readers to find relevant information and quotes from
different part of the paper.

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Research Paper Outline

Template

A research paper outline template can help you

understand the concept of creating a well planned
research paper before beginning to write and walk
through your journey of research publishing.

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THAT’S ALL
THANK YOU

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