Arryhythmia, 1 2 3 Degree

st nd rd

Block, Myocardial Infaction

-Shreyas Ghavate
Roll No. 29
Arrhythmia
Arrhythmias are deviation from normal heartbeat pattern
The causes of the cardiac arrhythmias are :
1. Abnormal rhythmicity of the pacemaker.
2. Shift of the pacemaker from the sinus node to another
place in the heart.
3. Blocks at different points in the spread of the impulse
through the heart.
4. Abnormal pathways of impulse transmission through
the heart.
5. Spontaneous generation of spurious impulses in almost any
part of the heart.
Atrioventricular Block
Conditions that can either decrease the rate of
impulse conduction or block the impulse entirely are
1. Ischemia of the A-V node or A-V bundle fibers
2. Compression of the A-V bundle
3. Inflammation of the A-V node or A-V bundle
4. Extreme stimulation of the heart by the vagus
nerves
5. Degeneration of AV
First Degree Block
Prolonged P-R interval
Usual Time Lapse between beginning of P-wave and
beginning of QRS complex is about 0.16 seconds
When P-R interval increases greater to 0.20 seconds it
is said to be prolonged
 First-degree block is defined as a delay of conduction
from the atria to the ventricles but not actual blockage
Second-Degree Block
When conduction through the A-V bundle is slowed
enough to increase the P-R interval to 0.25 to 0.45
second, there will be an atrial P wave but no QRS-T
wave, and it is said that there are “dropped beats” of
the ventricles. This condition is called second-degree
heart block
Complete A-V Block (Third-Degree Block)
When the condition causing poor conduction in the A-V
node or A-V bundle becomes severe, complete block of
the impulse from the atria into the ventricles occurs
Ventricles spontaneously establish their own signal,
usually originating in the A-V node or A-V bundle
Therefore, the P waves become dissociated from the
QRS-T complexes
Caused due to Decreased Blood flow to
Heart

The most frequent cause of diminished

coronary blood flow is atherosclerosis

The area of muscle that has either zero

flow or so little flow that it cannot sustain
cardiac muscle function is said to be
infarcted
ECG Changes:
Acute infarction: ST Segment duration in
ECG leads over infarcted area increased