oral u n i c a t i o n

c om m
 lesson 2:
models of communication
 can be explained through the
models of various models
communication communication constructed
by experts throughout the
years
 1
LINEAR
• Shows a straight
MODEL path of relaying
information
 1
LINEAR
• It is one-directional
MODEL which means (sender to
receiver)
 1 example
LINEAR • a speaker delivering a
MODEL
speech to the
audience
 1 The concept of a straight
path of relaying
LINEAR
MODEL information was first
proposed by Aristotle
aristotle
 Claude Shannon (mathematician &
electronic engineer) and Warren
1 Weaver (scientist &
mathematician) introduced NOISE
LINEAR (barriers to effective
MODEL
communication) in this concept.
shannon & weaver
 1 David Berlo (communication
professor) modified the linear
LINEAR
MODEL model by identifying four key
elements.
shannon & weaver
The source or sender is 1
influence by four factors:
• knowledge
• attitude
• communication skills
source
• sociocultural system
(society, culture and system)
 1
The information, ideas, 2
or thoughts conveyed by
the speaker in words or message
in actions
 1
a. Message content 2
what the message contains
message
 1
b. Elements 2
language, gestures, facial
expression, body movement message
used by the speaker to send a
message
 1
c. Treatment 2

entertaining, funny, message

authoritative, persuasive
 1
d. structure 2

arrangement of the message message

depending on the goal
 1
the medium or the means, 2
such as personal or non-
3
personal, verbal or channel
nonverbal, in which the
encoded message is
conveyed
 1
2
the recipient of the
message, or someone who 3
decodes the message
receiver
4
6 5
 2
• This model takes into
INTERACTIVE
MODEL consideration
feedback from the
receiver
 2
2 sources of message
INTERACTIVE
MODEL • from the sender and
from the receiver
(feedback)
 2
INTERACTIVE example
MODEL
• conversation with
friends
 2 feedback in many forms
INTERACTIVE
MODEL • nod for approval
• raised eyebrow
• falling asleep during
class
• spoken words
 2
sender - message - receiver
INTERACTIVE
MODEL

feedback
INTERACTIVE MODEL
 2 Wilbur Schramm, an expert
INTERACTIVE mass communication
MODEL introduced interactive
model in 1954
 2 Wilbur Schramm also
INTERACTIVE introduced field of
MODEL
experience and
context in this model
 Field of Experience
2
INTERACTIVE the background or
MODEL
reference that individual
may bring upon interaction
 2 Context
INTERACTIVE
MODEL the setting where
communication takes place
 2 example:
INTERACTIVE
MODEL think-pair-share
(give-take-give interaction)
 2 Therefore, communication
INTERACTIVE
MODEL is no longer linear, but
circular.
 3
TRANSACTION • developed in 1970s by
AL MODEL
Dean Barnlund
 3
• shows communication as
TRANSACTION
AL MODEL occurring simultaneously or
continuously between or
among people
 3
• shows communication as a
TRANSACTION
AL MODEL two-way process where
communicators constantly
sending and receiving
messages.
 3
TRANSACTION • noise may occur anywhere
AL MODEL
(encoding/decoding process,
sender, receiver, feedback)
 With your pair, discuss and
explore the various models
think of communication by
creating a real-life situation
pair example. Answers will be
share shared in the class right
after.
 1.What elements are common in the three models?

2.What elements were added to the second and third

models which were not present in the first?

3.How would you describe the communication

process in your own words?
writing
activity 4. If you were to create your own communication
model, what elements would you include and how
would the process go?