The Earth and its

Spheres
Earth is a complex system
composed of several interacting
spheres. These include the
geosphere, hydrosphere,
atmosphere, and biosphere. Each
sphere plays a critical role in
shaping the environment and
supporting life.
The Geosphere
is the portion of the earth that includes rocks and
minerals. It starts at the ground and extends all
the way down to Earth’s core.

It is composed 4 Plate tectonics is a scientific

layers. theory that explains how
•Crust major landforms are created
•Mantle as a result of Earth's
•Outer core subterranean movements.
•Inner core
 The Hydrosphere

1 Bodies of Water 2 Water Cycle

The hydrosphere encompasses vast It includes the continuous

bodies of water found in Earth. The movement of water through
salt water and freshwater bodies evaporation, condensation,
supports all life in earth. precipitation, and runoff.
 The Atmosphere

Composition

The atmosphere is the gaseous layer that

envelopes the world. The commons term for
the atmosphere is “air”. It is composed of
different gases, such as nitrogen, oxygen,
and carbon dioxide, providing the air we
breathe. Earth's atmosphere is about 78
percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and
and trace gases like carbon dioxide, water
vapor, and others.
The Biosphere
Biodiversity and Interactions
Within the Ecosystem
Bio means “life.” The biosphere is made up of
all the living things on Earth and it includes
fish, birds, plants, and even people. Ecosystems
within the biosphere are interconnected, with
organisms relying on each other for survival,
forming complex food webs and ecological
relationships.
Interactions Between Earth's Spheres

The geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and

biosphere interact in intricate ways, influencing one
another. Humans like us plays a great role in these
interactions as we are the most rational being.
Human Impact on Earth's Spheres
Environmental
Changes
Human activities have led to
alterations in the composition
of the atmosphere, loss of
biodiversity, and pollution of
water bodies.
Resource
Exploitation
Extensive use of natural
resources has resulted in
depletion and degradation of
the geosphere and
hydrosphere.
 Conclusion: The Importance of
Understanding Earth's Spheres

Understand
4 Importance of Learning this
2
Spheres Lesson Conserve and
Earth and its spheres is crucial as it
Preserve
Geosphere
Hydrosphere provides insights into environmental We mus follow the
Atmosphere processes, ecosystems, and human things above in order to
Biosphere impact. It helps address challenges like achieve sustainable
climate change, resource management, development.
and sustainable development.