Chapter no 5

PRESENTATION

Curriculum and Instruction

Introduction Curriculum
: design is deciding about the shape of a
curriculum plan. It involves selection of
a content in line with the goals and
objectives of the curriculum.The
selected content will help teachers in
choosing and organizing appropriate
learning experience for the classroom.
WHAT IS LEARNING EXPERIENCE
•
It is defined as deliberately
planned experience in selected
situation, where students actively
participate, interact, and which result in
the changes of behavior in the
students.
Objectives of learning
experience
 Development of aesthetic sense
 Motivation
 Imparting the knowledge
 Develop critical thinking
 Help in decision making
 Improve the ability of learner
 The acquisition of skills
 Develop various skills
 Improve professional skills
 Develop leadership qualities
 ORGANIZATION OF
CONTENT
DEFINITION:
“ It is a subject matter of
a course. It includes knowledge, skill,
concept, theories, provide guidelines
for attainment of objective”.
 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF
Criteria for Organization of content
CONTENT
Following principles are followed:

validity Interest Utility Feasiblity

Self
Significance sufficiency
Balance
PRINCIPLES OF SELECTION OF
PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZATION OF
CONTENT CONTENT

Balance
Articulation
Sequence
BALANCE
BALANCED
Content curriculum should be
fairly distributed in depth and breadth of
the particular learning are discipline.
This will ensure that the level or area will
not be overcrowded or less crowded.
 ARTICULATIO
ARTICULATION
N
Each level of subject matter
should be smothly connected to
the next, glaring gaps or wasteful
overlaps in the subject matter will
be avoided.
 SEQUENCE
This is the
logical arrangement of the subject
matter. It refers to the deepening
and broadening of content as it is
taken up in the higher levels .
 SELECTION OF
CONTENT
DEFINITION:
Information to be
learned in school, another term for knowledge ( a collection of
fact, concept, generalization, principles, theories ).
Content
comes in any form ( audio, text and video ) and it informs,
entertains, enlightens or teaches people who consume it.
PROCEDURES FOR SELECTION OF
CONTENT

Judgmental
procedures

Consensual Experimental
procedures procedures

Analytical
procedures
JUDGEMENTAL
PROCEDURE
 The curriculum worker’s judgment hardly
leads to the best selection of subject
matter. The most “objective” selection of
content by this procedure requires that his
interest, knowledge and ideas rise above
special social groups and embrance the
common good.
EXPERIMENTAL
PROCEDURE
 In this method the content is selected after
applying different test:
 A hypothesis that is idea to be tried out.
 Control of the conditions of the try out.
 An objective account of the results.
 Checking the result againt the hypothesis to
find whether or not the hypothesis is true.
ANALYTICAL
PROCEDURE
Analytical procedure is one of the most
widely known methods of content selection. It
has been closely identified with the criterion
of utility. In general, it consists of an analysis
of the things people do in order to discover
the subject matter involved in these
activities.
 CONSENSUAL
CONSENSUAL PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE
 The result of the consensual procedure are
expressed in terms of the number of
persons or percentages or person of a
particular community or group who believe
that such and such should be taught in the
schools. The selection of persons whose
opinion are to be sought is the first step .
Importance OF Selection
of content;
The subject matter or content is significant
if it is selected and organized for the
development of learning activities,
skills ,processes ,and attitude. It also
develops the three domains of learning
namely the cognitive , affective and
psychomotor skills and considers the
cultural aspects of the learners.
 SELECTION OF ACTIVITIES IN CONTENT

DEFINITION:
An activity based content encourages
children to participate physically and mentally in the
learning process and helps students learn and
retain information.
This learning process
allows children to remember and understand
learning based on their personal experience.
 CURRICULUM ACTIVITIES

 Curricular activities are those activities that are

a part of the curriculum. Co curricular activities
are those activities that are outside of but
usually complementing the regular curriculum.
Extra curricular activities are defined as
 “ Those
school based activities that are not tied to the
curriculum.”
 SELECTION OF
EXERCISE IN CONTENT
WHAT IS EXERCISE?
DEFINITION
An exercise is a controlled and guided
practice of a particular language such as a
reading comprehension.
IMPORTANCE OF EXERCISE
IN TEACHING
Evidence suggest that increasing
physical activity and physical fitness may
improve academic performance and that
time in the school day dedicated to
recess, physical education class, and
physical activity in the classroom may
also be facilities academic performance.