TIME ARTS

(Music and Literature)

 TIME ARTS
(Auditory Arts)

mediums can be heard and

which are expressed in time.
 MUSIC
•It is the art of combining sounds
of varying pitch to produce
coherent composition that is
melodious, harmonious,
intelligible and expressive of
ideas and emotions.
VOCAL MEDIUM
• The oldest and still most popular of all instruments is
the human voice.
• The most personal and direct of all instruments as it
comes from within the body.
• The song projected by the human voice is the most
natural form of music
Vocal Register
• Voices differ considerably in range and register.
 The Six Classes of Vocal Register
1. Soprano – high register female voice
2. Mezzo-soprano – medium-register female voice
3. Alto or contralto – low-register female voice
4. Tenor – high-register male voice
5. Baritone – medium-register male voice
6. Bass – low-register male voice
Vocal Qualities
• Voices are also classified according to their timbre or quality of sound. Thus,
we distinguish lyric and dramatic.
1. Coloratura Soprano – the highest and lightest of all voices
2. Lyric Soprano – voice is less high and flute-like and usually
sings less ornamental music.
3. Dramatic Soprano – voice is heavier and can convey intense
emotions in dramatic situations
4. Mezzo-soprano – voice is between the soprano and
contralto in quality and range
5. Contralto – voice is low and rich in quality
6. Tenor – the highest type in men’s voice
7. Lyric Tenor – has a voice specially suited to sweet
songlike melodies
8. Dramatic Tenor – has a heavier voice and is capable of
conveying intense emotions in
dramatic situations
9. Baritone – voice has range between tenor and bass
10. Bass – voice has the lowest and deepest quality
INSTRUMENTAL MEDIUM
• Musical instruments are mechanisms which are able to
generate musical vibrations and wafts them into the air.
• The various musical instruments are the means by
which the composer communicates to the listener, they
are mediums of expression.
• Musical instruments are divided into 4 families: String,
Blown, Percussion and Keyboard Instruments
String Instruments
• Also called stringed instruments, provide the basic orchestral sounds.
• They produce tones by means of vibration of a stretched string.
• Two types of string instrument:
1. Bowed strings
2. Plucked strings
 Bowed Strings
- these instruments produce tone by means of
bow or horse hair drawn across the strings.
- can express the most poignant feeling and can
continue playing infinitely without fatigue.

• Includes violin, viola, violoncello and double bass

 Plucked Strings
- produce tones solely by plucking the strings. The
player plucks the strings either with his fingers or with
a plectrum held in his hand.
• Includes the guitar family
Blown or Wind Instruments
• Musical instruments that contain a resonator (usually tube) in which a
column of air is set into vibration by the player blowing into a
mouthpiece.
• Two classifications:
1. Woodwind instruments
2. Brass instruments
 Woodwind Instruments
- change their pitch by changing where the air escapes.
They use a wooden reed to form the mouthpiece.

 Brass Instruments
- change their pitch by changing the length of the
tubing which the air passes through. They do not have any
moving parts that vibrate to produce the sound and they are
also called labrosones, meaning “lip-vibrated instruments”
Percussion Instruments
• Musical instruments made to sound by hitting them with special sticks, or
by striking or shaking their parts together.
• Some are made of metal or wood.
• Percussion instruments fall into two categories:
1. Pitched percussion
- have definite pitch
2. Unpitched percussion
- have indefinite pitch and maintained rhythm
PITCHED UNPITCHED
Keyboard Instruments
• These instruments are operated by means of a keyboard which consist of
a series of black and white keys.
• When a performer depresses a key, a tone sounds.
• Produce tones in a variety of ways.
• Keyboard instruments have categories that fall under with the
Hornbostel-Sachs classification: Chordophones, Aerophones, Idiophones
and Electrophones.
 LITERATURE
the art of combining spoken or
written words and their
meanings into forms which have
artistic and emotional appeal.
• Literature is derived from the Latin term litera which
means “acquaintance with letters”
• Literature consist of those writings which interpret the
meanings of nature and life, in words of charm and
power, touched with the personality of the author, in
artistic forms of permanent interest.
Medium of Literature
 LANGUAGE
Most languages are translated in English. It is translated to
English for wider reach and distribution. Even if the translation
captures the message of the manuscript, it can never capture or
express the original beauty of it.
• English is used because of its flexibility and wide variety of writing
techniques that can be experimented to it.
Classification of Literature
• Escape Literature
- written for entertainment purposes
- take us away from the real world and enables us to
temporarily forget our troubles
• Interpretative Literature
- is written to broaden and sharpen our
awareness of life
- its pleasure plus understanding
TYPES OF LITERATURE

1. Oral Literature –literature handed down

from generation by word of
mouth
2. Written Literature – hand written,
recorded or printed.