CATALYSIS

GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED BY :

SWETA MA’AM SINDHUSUTA BARIK
INT MSC 3RD YEAR,6TH SEM
CONTENT:-
 WHAT IS CATALYSIS
 ABOUT CATALYSTS
 BASIS OF CATALYSIS
 TYPE OF CATALYSIS
 HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
 ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE OF HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
 ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS
 CHRACTERISTIC OF ENZYMATIC CATALYSIS
 APPLICATION OF CATALYSIS
 CATALYSIS IN FOOD PROCESSING
 WHAT IS CATALYSIS?

Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical

reaction due to the participation of an additional
substance called a catalyst.
With a catalyst , reaction occur faster and with less
energy.
ABOUT CATALYSTS:-

Catalysts are substance which ,when added to

a reaction increase the rate of reaction by
providing an alternate reaction pathway
with a lower activation energy.
As these substance do this by promoting
proper orientation between reacting
particles.
BASIS OF CATALYSIS
A catalyst lower the activation barrier for a transformation , introducing a new
reaction pathway.

WITHOUT A CATALYST WITH A CATALYST

TYPES OF CATALYSIS
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS :-
Both catalyst and reactants are in the same phase ,
usually liquid.

HETEROGENOUS CATALYSIS:-

The catalyst and reactants are in different phases.

ENZYAMATIC CATALYSIS:-
As catalyst is also known as enzyme.
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS

When the reactant and the catalyst are in

the same phase (i.e., liquid or gas), the
process is said to be homogenous
catalyst.
For e.g. :- Esterification
Advantages and Disadvantages of
homogeneous catalysis:-

Advantages
 Good contact with reactants.
 Greater effective concentration of
catalyst than with heterogeneous
catalysts.
Disadvantages
 Difficult to separate reaction.
(as it’s recovery is difficult , cannot
be reused)
 HETEROGENEOUS
CATALYSIS
The catalytic process in which the
reactants and the catalyst are in
different phases is known as
heterogeneous catalysis.
For e.g. :- Hydrogenation of the
unsaturated organic compounds.
Advantages and Disadvantages of
heterogeneous catalysis:-

Advantages Disadvantages
 Easy to separate from products by  Only effective at the surface so most
filtration. of the catalyst is not used.
 Long catalytic life.  Any coating on the surface reduced
activity.
 ENZYMATIC
CATALYSIS
Numerous reaction that occur in the bodies of living
organism to maintain the life processes are catalysed by
enzymes are , thus , termed as biochemical catalysts and the
phenomenon is known as biochemical catalysis.
Features Of Enzyme Catalysis:-
Specificity: Enzymes have a specific active site that only
binds to certain substrates (reactant molecules). This
ensures that the enzyme only catalyzes the desired
reaction.
Efficiency: Enzymes can accelerate reactions by millions
of times compared to uncatalyzed reactions. This is due
to a variety of factors, including the enzyme's specific
active site and its ability to lower the activation energy
of the reaction.
Regulation: The activity of enzymes can be regulated
by a variety of factors, such as pH, temperature, and
the presence of inhibitors or activators. This allows
APPLICATION OF
CATALYSIS
In environment catalysis is needed for green chemistry in which we use it for
pollution control , fuel cell and also to avoid toxic chemicals in industry . We
use catalytic converters for automobiles as there role is to reduce to emissions
of harmful gases the are the result of the combustion of fuel in vehicle engines
etc . There are also the use of catalysis in chemical industry which are
hydrogen industry ,natural gas processing , fine chemical etc.
Catalysis in food processing:-

One of the most obvious application of catalysis is

the hydrogenation of fats using nickel catalyst to
produce margarine.
Many other foodstuff are prepared via bio catalysis.