GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 1

be (am/is/are)
When we speak, and in
informal writing, we normally
use contractions of be after
pronouns. We use an
apostrophe (’) to show a
missing letter. With is not and
are not there are two possible
contractions.
He isn’t British. = He’s not
British.
* Remember that we use you for singular and They’re not married. = They
plural. aren’t married.
 Exercise 1

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We often use the ’s contraction after who, what, where, when, how and why.
Who’s Richard?
Where’s the party?
We never use contractions in positive short answers.
Are you Michele? Yes, I’m. Yes, I am.
 Exercises 2 and 3

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possessive ’s and possessive adjectives
possessive ’s
We use noun + ’s to show possession.
The photographer's name is David Doubilet.
Miguel’s brother is a journalist.
After a plural noun, we only add an apostrophe.
My grandparents’ house is in the city centre.
After noun + noun, we only use one ’s.
Petr and Magda’s garden is beautiful.
Remember that ’s is also the contracted form of is.
 Exercise 4

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Possessive adjectives
We use possessive adjectives to talk about people in our family and possessions.
Mehmet is my brother.
Your car is nice.
His sister is in China.
Her parents are here.
It’s a restaurant. Its name is Happy Food.
Julie is our teacher.
Their family is from the USA.
We don’t put the, a or an before possessive adjectives.
Maria and Valentina are the my cousins.
Maria and Valentina are my cousins.
 Exercises 5 and 6

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Exercises
1 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative (+) or negative (–) form
of be.
1 I ____________ a doctor. (+)
2 She ____________ a student. (–)
3 He ____________ from Sweden. (+)
4 I ____________ married. (–)
5 They ____________ on holiday. (+)
6 We ____________ from France. (–)

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2 Match the questions (1–6) with the short answers (a–f).

1 Are you a teacher?

2 Is he 20 years old?
3 Are they from New Zealand?
4 Is she single?
5 Are you both at the train station?
6 Am I late?

a Yes, she is.

b No, you aren’t.
c Yes, we are.
d Yes, I am.
e No, they aren’t.
f No, he isn’t.

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3 Complete the conversations. Use contractions when possible.

1 A: How old ____________ you?

B: I ____________ 28 years old.
2 A: Where ____________ she from?
B: She ____________ from the UK.
3 A: ____________ they at home now?
B: Yes, they ____________.
4 A: ____________ he at school?
B: No, he ____________.
5 A: ____________ you a nurse?
B: No, I ____________.
6 A: What ____________ your name?
B: My name ____________ Katie.

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4 Add an apostrophe or ’s in the correct place in the sentences.

1 Lisa brother is here.

2 This is Hugo house.

3 Abby grandmother is Mary Peters.

4 Anna husband is a journalist.

5 Sara and Pablo father is in Brazil.

6 My parents house is in the centre.

7 Simon cars are blue and green.

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5 Complete the sentences with a possessive adjective.

1 Marco and Samanta are married. ____________ hobbies are swimming

and running.
2 He’s from Germany, but ____________ father is from Brazil.
3 We live in the USA, but ____________ grandparents live in Japan.
4 This is a language school. ____________ name is Study Centre.
5 I’m 40 years old and ____________ wife is 34 years old.
6 A: What’s ____________ job?
B: I’m a filmmaker.

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6 Complete the dialogue with the words in the box. Use each word once.

A: Hello, I’m Maia. What’s (1 )____________ name?

B: I’m Martina. Where are you from?
A: I’m from Portugal. And you?
B: I’m from Mexico but (2) ____________ husband is from England.
(3) ____________ family are all in England.
A: What’s (4) ____________ job?
B: He’s a photographer.
A: Oh, my sister’s a photographer. (5) ____________ name is Silvia. Do you
have brothers and sisters?
B: Yes, I do. My (6) ____________ name is Eva.

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teaching purpose only. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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