SCIENCE

TECHNOLOGY
AND NATION
BUILDING
Objectives:

1. To know by recalling the contribution of

science and technology by each
colonization.
2. Understand the importance of
colonization contribution in Science and
technology.
Science and Technology have played a
crucial role in the development of the
Philippines as a nation. Throughout its history,
the Philippines has been influenced by
different cultures and colonial powers,
each living its mark on the country’s
scientific and technological development.
PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD
 Before the arrival of the Spanish in the 16th century, the
Philippines had a great scientific and technological
growth. Indigenous Filipinos had their own expertise
and practices in agriculture, medicine and navigation,
among other things.
Agriculture
 Indigenous peoples created their own agricultures
techniques like, Kaingin System that involves cleaning
ground for cultivation, cutting and burning areas of the
forest
 Created irrigation systems, Rice terraces in Cordillera
region.
 Domesticated animals for own purpose like chickens, pigs
and dogs.
Medicine
 Indigenous peoples developed their own knowledge and
practices based on local herbs and plants for medicine.
 They established traditional healing methods that passed
down from generation to generation and still practice in
some other regions.
 Traditional healers, sometimes known as babaylan or
manghihilot, were well-respected members of the
communities, offering medical care, spiritual.
Navigation
 Indigenous peoples evolved their own techniques of
navigating the oceans, relying on the stars, wind and other
natural phenomena to lead them.
 The practice of seafaring was vital to the region’s trade and
commerce.

Others
 Development of metallurgy, textile manufacturing and
architecture.
  Overall Pre-colonial period, the country saw significant scientific
and technological development with indigenous peoples developing
their own knowledge and practices in a variety of fields.
 These are traditional of different communities and establishments
in the archipelago and other larger regions in the Philippines.

SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD

 Spanish Colonial Period in the Philippines, which began with

Ferdinand Magellan, 1521 and lasted 1898. It has a substantial
impact on the country’s scientific and technological progress.
 Introduced new crops and agricultural techniques such as
tobacco, corn and coffee as well as agricultural techniques
like plowing and irrigation.
 Governor General Francisco de Sande built the country’s
first experimental farm in 1573.
 The founding of University of Santo Tomas 1611, the Asia’s
first University. It was critical to the advancement of
science and medicine in the Philippines.
 Engineering and Architectural skills: Public works
construction: roads, bridges and public buildings were built.
 Printing Press, 1953: Spanish Introduced new technology,
which is important in the role of diffusion of knowledge and
ideas.
 Hospitalization: The Spanish also created hospitals in key
cities, which provided medical care as well as training for
native doctors and nurses. Hospital Real de Manila, the first
hospital 1577.
 The expansion of Christianity and the development of
churches. Several churches and cathedrals were built.
 Spanish Colonial Period lasted for three (3) centuries. The impact
of Spanish colonization on Science and Technology was complicated
and multi-dimensional, with both beneficial and bad consequences
for country’s growth.

AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD

 The American occupation of the Philippines from 1898 to 1946

has considerable impact on country’s scientific and technological
progress.
 Bureau of Science was formed in 1901 by the American
colonial government, it played an important role in
fostering scientific research and development in the
Philippines.
 New Technologies were introduced to the Philippines by
Americans, including the telephone, electric power, and
automobile.
 1901, Foundation of the Philippines Weather Bureau, which
provided weather forecasting and monitoring services.
 Additional Infrastructure development. Built modern port
facilities, which aided in the growth of trade and business in
the country.
 Establishments of Schools and Universities. Americans
helped to boost literacy rates and promote education by
establishing Public School System.
 Created the University of the Philippines, which played one
of the important part of country’s growth of science and
technology.
 New Crops and agricultural practices: Introduced new crops
like cotton and wheat.
 New agricultural techniques such as crop rotation and
fertilizer use.
 Public health promotion: Americans invested in public
health programs such as the development of public
hospitals and the promotion of vaccination campaigns.
  The American Colonization changes almost five decades. The
colonization of this time had significant impact in the development of
science and technology also, had negative consequences such as
natural resources exploitation and the suppression of indigenous
knowledge and practices.

POST COLONIAL PERIOD

 The post-colonial period began after the World War II, that gave
substantial changes in the country’s science and technology
scene.
 Establishment of Research Institutions: Government
established several research institutions, including
Philippine Atomic Energy Commission, Philippine
Science High School, and Philippine Council for
Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research
and Development. The purpose of these institutes was to
promote scientific research and development in the country.
 Education Expansion: The government invested in the
construction of new schools and colleges, resulting in a
growth in the number of students pursuing degrees in
science and technological doctors.
 Industry Development: 1950 and 1960, The Philippine
government undertook on industrialization program to
promote the country’s economic growth.
 Initiative tremendous technological innovation build various
new business, including electronics,
telecommunications, and manufacturing.
 Science and Technology Expansion:
1970s, the Philippine government established the Science and
Technology for National Development Program (STNDP).
 The goal of promoting the incorporation of Science and
Technology into country’s development objectives. This the
establishment of the Department of Science and
Technology.
 DOST, which was tasked with promoting and coordinating
the country’s scientific research and development.
 International Cooperation: The Philippine government also
collaborate with other science and technology.
 Joined the International Atomic Energy Agency; United
Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization;
and other International Organizations devoted to scientific
research and development.
 Overall, the Philippines made great progress in Science &
Technology, with funding of research institutes, the expansion of
education, the development of industries, the application of
scientific & technology policies and international cooperation.
How does Science
and Technology
contribute to
nation building?
 Economic Development: Innovation, it is driven by
science and technology which results in creation of
industries, products, and services.
- This leads to more job possibilities and economic growth.
- Nations that invest in R&D are more likely to have long-
term economic growth and stability.

 Healthcare: Medical technological advancements have

improved healthcare results, resulting in longer life
expectancies and higher quality of life.
- Countries that prioritize healthcare research and
innovation are better prepared to deal with health crises
and pandemics.
 Education:
- It has been transformed by technology, which has made
learning more accessible and engaging.
- Education becomes more inclusive and cost effective as a
result Online learning platforms, virtual classrooms and e-
learning technologies is implemented.
- This resulted to higher literacy rates and more educated
workforces, which resulted in increased productivity and
economic growth.
 Infrastructure:
- It has been transformed by science and technology
making transportation, communication and energy more
efficient and sustainable.
- Scientific developments have enabled smart cities, green
energy and efficient transportation systems.

 Defense:
- It also played important part in national defense,
weaponry is more sophisticated, surveillance and
communication. Nations are more secure and prepared
against external threats,
THE END
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