‘Basic Electronics Engineering’

(F.E. Revised Syllabus 2019 course)

UNIT-I
Introduction to Electronics
 Teaching Methodology Detailing
Lecture No. Topic Books Page No.

1. Evolution of Electronics T1 Preface

Impact of Electronics in Industry and Society
2. Materials used in Electronics, Introduction to active
and Passive components, switches and relays

3. Currents in semiconductors, P-type and N- type T1 1.4 and

semiconductors 1.6
4. P-N junction diode: construction and working, V-I T1 1.7,1.8,
characteristics 1.9
5. Diode as switch, Half, Full wave and Bridge rectifier T1 2.1, 2.2

6. Special purpose diodes: Zener diode, LED and Photo T1 3.1,3.4

diode and their applications

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T1: “Electronics Devices ” by Thomas L. Floyd, 9 th Edition, Pearson
 Evolution of Electronics

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Vacuum tubes
 1904 : the simplest vacuum tube was invented by John Fleming

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Working of Vaccum tube

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Vacuum Triode
 1907: Lee De Forest invented triode by inserting third electrode between
anode and cathode

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Working of Vacuum triode

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Audio amplifier

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Vacuum Tubes

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ENIAC (1946 University of Pennsylvania)

 ENIAC contained 18,000 vacuum

tubes 7,200 crystal diodes
1,500 relays
70,000 resistors 10,000 capacitors
 Consumed 150KW of power

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 ENIAC computer
 heralded as a "Giant Brain" by the press
 thousand times faster than electro-mechanical computer

 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7200 crystal diodes, 1,500 relays,

70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors, 6,000 manual
switches, and approximately 5,000,000 hand-soldered
joints.
 consumed 150 kW
 100 kHz clock
 Several tubes burned out almost every day, leaving it
non-functional about half the time.

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First Transistor

 Vacuum tube was bulky, fragile and

consumed very high power
 1947: Shockley, Bardeen and
Brattain at Bell Lab invented first
transistor
 Named as Point contact transistor

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First Working transistor

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Semiconductor Technology
 Shockley introduced the improved bipolar junction transistor in 1948, which entered
production in the early 1950s and led to the first widespread use of transistors.

 The bipolar junction transistor continues to be an important device as a discrete

device and as a part of Integrated circuit (IC)

 The MOSFET was invented by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in
1959

 In digital circuits such as processors and memory, MOSFET has surpassed the bipolar
transistors because of high integration density and low power consumption
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 1958, Jack Kilby of Texas Instrument invented the first IC

Moore’s law

 The number of transistors on a microchip doubles every two years, though the cost of
computers is halved.

 Moore's Law states that we can expect the speed and capability of our computers to
increase every couple of years, and we will pay less for them.

 The first integrated circuits in 1960 had ~10 transistors. Today the most complex
silicon chips have 10 billion. Think about it. Silicon chips can now hold a billion times
more transistors.

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