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Topic 13 Nitrogen and Sulfur
Topic 13 Nitrogen and Sulfur
X
This triple covalent bond is X
N •X•X N •
very difficult to break and X • •
so Nitrogen is an unreactive
gas at room temperature
and pressure.
C Harris - Allery Chemistry
Monday 4 March 2024 C Harris - Allery Chemistry
Monday 4 March 2024
NH3 HNO3
Nitric acid (HNO3) is initially
NH3 + 5O2 4NO + 6H2O
Ammonia is vital as it is used in the made by reacting ammonia
agricultural industry as a fertiliser. with oxygen to form nitrogen
It is made via the Haber process as monoxide (NO)
seen in topic 7 and 8. Then the NO reacts with more 2NO + O2 ⇌ 2NO2
oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide
Common fertilisers are (NO2)
ammonium nitrate, 2NO2 ⇌ N2O4
The NO2 exists in equilibrium
ammonium phosphate and
with N2O4 which, when
urea. 3N2O4 + 2H2O 4HNO3
dissolved in water, makes HNO3
C Harris - Allery Chemistry
Monday 4 March 2024 C Harris - Allery Chemistry
Monday 4 March 2024
Ballista
C Harris - Allery Chemistry
Monday 4 March 2024
Photochemical Smog
Unburnt hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen contribute to photochemical
smog at lower levels
Ozone occurs in the lowest level of the atmosphere – the
troposphere.
This exists as sunlight, hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide
mix to form ozone.
A great deal of hydrocarbons and nitrogen dioxide come from
cars and factories.
Photochemical smog
harms the respiratory system in animals and
damages plants. When solid carbon particulates and ozone
Ozone mix we create photochemical smog. This
is also TOXIC to humans too. picture shows photochemical smog was
taken in Shanghai, China.
C Harris - Allery Chemistry Source –All pictures - Pixabay
Monday 4 March 2024
Acid Rain
Burning fossil fuels can release sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen which
contribute to acid rain
Some fossil fuels contain Sulfur dioxide is an acidic
sulfur based impurities. gas. It reacts with water in
When burned the sulfur the atmosphere to form
reacts with oxygen sulfuric acid which falls as
producing sulfur dioxide acid rain. Nitrogen oxides do
(SO2). the same too.