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Chapter 5-part2-ESNEKLİK
Chapter 5-part2-ESNEKLİK
DİĞER ESNEKLİKLER
-Income Elasticity
-Income Elasticity of
of Demand
Demand
GELİR ESNEKLİĞİ
GELİR ESNEKLİĞİ
-Supply Elasticity-
-Supply Elasticity- ARZ
ARZ ESNEKLİĞİ
ESNEKLİĞİ
-Cross-Price Elasticity-
-Cross-Price Elasticity- ÇAPRAZ
ÇAPRAZ
ESNEKLİK
ESNEKLİK
Income Elasticity of Demand
GELİR ESNEKLİĞİ
The percentage change in the
quantity demanded given a one
percent change in income.
% change in Qd jewelry
% change in income
35%
= 3.5
10%
Figure 5-6
Various Income-Consumption Curves
Price Elasticity of Supply
ARZ ESNEKLİĞİ
% change in Qs
% change in P
• bunch of roses
• P = $40/bunch, Qs = 6 (million bunches)
• P = $60, Qs = 15
% change Qs
15 - 6 9
= = 0.4528
(6+15) 21
% change P
60 - 40 20
= = 0.2
(60+40) 100
supply elasticity
% change in Qs
% change in P
0.4528
= 2.15
0.2
2.15 değerinin yorumu
S
Q
perfectly inelastic supply
• vertical line
P change in P
no change in Qs
S
Q
elastic demand
• flatter curve
P small change in P
big change in Qs
S
Q
perfectly elastic demand
• horizontal line
P any change in P
Qs falls to zero
S
Q
Arzı esnek veya az esnek
(inelastic) kılan nedir?
1. production possibilities-üretim imkanları
• beachfront property
– can’t make more
– inelastic supply
• salt
– almost an infinite amount
– elastic supply
2. time since price change- fiyat
değişiminden sonra geçen süre
• hotel rooms
– takes time to build
– supply inelastic in short-run,
elastic in long-run
3. Can you store it easily?- Kolayca
muhafaza edebiliyor musun?
• bananas
– storage time limited
– supply inelastic
Cross Elasticity of Demand
ÇAPRAZ ESNEKLİK- EN SEVDİĞİM
Ed
c Meaning Relation between X and Y
<0 Py Qx complements
=0 Py Qx = 0 unrelated
>0 Py Qx substitutes
c Ed and TR-
ÇAPRAZ ESNEKLİK VE TOPLAM HASILA İLİŞKİSİ
X malı & Y malı ikame ise
Y malı X Malı
Py Py Qy Px Py Dx
TRy Edy TRx S
Dy D2
D1
0 Qy 0 Qx
example1: Tahin
% change in P of Pekmez
$4 - $3
x 100 = 25%
$4
Tahin’in Çapraz Esnekliği 1
% change in Qd Tahin
% change in P Pekmez
- 50%
= -2
25%
SONUÇ1: İşaret -, yani ikisi tamamlayıcı mal
SONUÇ2: esneklik> 1, yani elastik
Güzel örnek2 değil ama:
Tahin vs BAL- İkameler
P BAL = $3 Qd PB = 4
% change in Qd Tahin
4 - 2 kutu
x 100 = 100%
2
% change in P of butter
$3 - $1
x 100 = 200%
$1
TAHİN’in çapraz esnekliği- 2
Formül
% change in Qd Tahin
% change in P BAL
100%
= 0.5
200%
• SONUÇ1: İşaret +, yani ikisi ikame mal
• SONUÇ2: esneklik< 1, yani inelastik
ARZ, TALEP VE ESNEKLİK
UYGULAMALARI
Price of
Wheat 1. When demand is inelastic,
2. . . . leads an increase in supply . . .
to a large fall S1
in price . . . S2
$3
Demand
• KDV uygulaması
– Who really pays an KDV tax?
Verginin maliyetini kim yüklenir
: Üreticiler ve Tüketiciler
The Effects of a Gasoline Excise Tax
Who shoulders more of the
burden?
• If demand is relatively inelastic
(e.g. demand for cigarette), the
consumers will bear most of the
burden of a sales tax.
• If supply is relatively inelastic, the
producers will bear most of the
burden.
Esneklik ve KDV
summary
• law of demand & supply
– direction of change in Qd/Qs
when P changes
• price elasticity
– size of those relationships
• cross/income elasticity
– size of shift in demand curve