FAKULTAS BAHASA DAN SENI

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Learning Material 9
Pertemuan Ke
Learning Methodology
09 and
Program Studi
Workouts/Activities
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
INGGRIS

Nujuluddin Siregar,M.Pd.
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UNIVERSITAS INDRAPRASTA PGRI

Learning Methodology
Pertemuan Ke The term methodology has been to
equalize historically with a method.
09 Richards (1987: 11) said ‘the goal of
many language teaching is to find the
Program Studi
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA right method, improvement in the
INGGRIS
quality of method and that
ultimately to develop effective
language teaching method.
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1. Approach
Pertemuan Ke
Approach is a set of correlative
assumptions dealing with the nature of
09 language teaching and learning.
Language can be properly understood
Program Studi
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
as a reflection of the human thought
INGGRIS
process, thus language learning is
conditioned by how the mind observes,
organises and stores information.
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1. Approach
Pertemuan Ke Examples of Approach:
09 a. Natural Approach
b. Aural-Oral Approach
Program Studi c. Cognitive-Code Approach
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
INGGRIS d. Communicative Approach
( We use in teaching English now)
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2. Method
Method is the practical realization of an approach.
Pertemuan Ke

09 Method is the type of activities, roles of teachers and

learners, the kinds of materials which will be helpful
and some models of syllabus organisations.

Program Studi
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA Method is an overall plan for the orderly presentation
INGGRIS of language material, and no part of which contradicts,
and all of which is based upon the selected approach.
(Anthony, in Richards and Rodgers ,2001)
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2. Method
Pertemuan Ke Examples of Method:
09 a. Grammar-Translation Method
b. Direct Method
c. Audio-lingual Method
Program Studi
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INGGRIS
d. Total Physical Response
e. Communicative Language
Teaching
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3. Technique
Technique is implementational that which
Pertemuan Ke
takes place in a classroom.
09 It is a particular trick, stratagem, or
contrivance used to accomplish an immediate
objective.
Program Studi Techniques must be consistent with a method,
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
INGGRIS
and therefore in harmony with an approach as
well.
The technique is the level at which classroom
procedures are described.
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3. Technique
Pertemuan Ke Examples of Technique:
09 a. Discussion Technique
b. Question and Answer
Program Studi Technique
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
INGGRIS
c. Role-Play Technique, etc.
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Learning- centred methodology can be sustained by some
basic principles of Language learning. (Hutchinson and
Water, 1987)
Pertemuan Ke
1. Language Learning is a developmental process

09 2. Language learning is an active process

3. Language learning is a decision- making process
4. Language learning is not just a matter of linguistic
knowledge
Program Studi 5. Language learning is not the learners’ first experience
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
INGGRIS with language
6. Learning is an emotional experience
7. Language learning is to a large extent incidental
8. Language learning is not systematic
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Workouts/ Activities
Pertemuan Ke Workouts are language learning
09 and language using activities which
enhance the learners’ overall
acquisition process by engaging
Program Studi
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
INGGRIS
and rewarding.
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Examples of Workouts:
1. Operations/ Transformations enable
Pertemuan Ke
learners to focus on semantic-
09 grammatical features which are
necessary when accuracy in language
use.
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PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
Example:
INGGRIS
Elements of language are added, deleted,
substituted, combined, etc.
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2. Warm-ups/ Relaxers
They are motivational workouts which add an
Pertemuan Ke element of enjoyment and personal involvement.

09 For example; Games, songs, physical activities,

puzzles.

Program Studi 3. Information-Centred Tasks

PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
INGGRIS They enable learners to use the language naturally
while being fully engrossed in fact-gathering
activities.
For instance; Share and tell in the classroom,
Interview with peers and others.
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4. Theatre Games
All activity types which simulate reality within the
Pertemuan Ke
classroom situation.
For instance; Improvisation (creating a scene based on a
09 given setting or situation); Roleplaying (assuming the role
of someone else or playing oneself in a typical situation).
5. Mediations/ Interventions
Program Studi They are workouts which enable learners to experience
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA bridging information gaps while using the target language.
INGGRIS
For instance; Interacting with another or other based on
incomplete information. Interacting with others to change
their opinions, talking one’s way out of a difficult situation.
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6. Group Dynamics Activities
Activities which create opportunities for sharing personal
Pertemuan Ke
feelings and emotions among learners.
For example; Small groups or pairs solve a problem or
09 discuss issues which centred on topics of personal
concern, sharing of self and feelings.

Program Studi 7. Experiential Tasks

PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
INGGRIS Group activities which make, build, construct, or create
something concrete that relates to the thematic material
of the language course.
For example; As a group activity, making, building,
constructing, or creating something concrete that relates
to the thematic material of the language course.
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8. Problem- Solving Tasks
They involve learners in making decisions about
Pertemuan Ke issues while using the target language.

09 Learners are involved in the process of a whole

task in terms.
For example; Small group discussion around
Program Studi topical, political, or local issues
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
INGGRIS 9. Transferring/ Reconstituting Information
It emphasizes cognitive uses of language.
For example; Following a language stimulus, often
a reading passage, transferring information from
text to a graphic, etc.
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10. Skill-Getting Strategies

Pertemuan Ke They are activities which enable
09 learners to develop specific skill
areas in the target language.
Program Studi For example; Using the SQ3R
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA
INGGRIS
strategy (Survey, Question, Read,
Recite, and Review) in previewing
reading material.
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Pertemuan Ke Have a nice Learning.

09
Program Studi
PENDIDIKAN BAHASA LEARN TODAY, REACH THE FUTURE
INGGRIS