MOTIVATION

What is Motivation?

◻Motivation describes the wants or

needs that direct behavior toward
a goal.
◻ Motivation is an urge to behave or act in a way that
will satisfy certain conditions, such as wishes,
desires, or goals.
◻ Psychologists believe that motivation is rooted in a
basic impulse to optimize well-being, minimize
physical pain, and maximize pleasure.
Drives and Motives
◻ Drives are primarily biological, like thirst, hunger,
sleepiness, and the need to reproduce—all of which
lead us to seek out and take part in certain
activities.
◻ Motives, on the other hand, are primarily both
driven by biological & social and psychological
mechanisms, such as work, family, and
relationships. They include factors like praise and
approval.
Types of Motivation
Intrinsic Motivation
◻ Intrinsically-motivated behaviors are generated by
the sense of personal satisfaction that they bring.
They are driven by an interest or enjoyment in the
task itself that comes from the individual, not
society.
Extrinsic Motivation

◻ Extrinsically-motivated behaviors, in contrast, are

performed in order to receive something from
others. They do not come from within the
individual, but from society—other people.
Types of Motives:

◻ Biological Motives
⬜Primary Motive
◻ Social Motives
⬜Secondary Motive
◻ Personal Motives
Biological Motives
Primary Motives
⬜ Hunger
⬜ Thirst
⬜ Needs for Oxygen
⬜ Regulation of body
⬜ Temperature
⬜ Need for Sleep
⬜ Avoidance of pain
⬜ Elimination of waste
⬜ Sex motive
⬜ Maternal motive
Social Motives

Secondary Motives
◻ Achievement motives
◻ Power motive
◻ Acquisitive motive
⬜excessively interested in acquiring
money or material things.
◻ Curiosity
Personal Motives

◻ Habits
◻ Goals of life
◻ Attitudes of Interests
Theories of Motivation

◻ Instinct Theory
◻ Drive Reduction Theory
◻ Humanistic Theory
Instinct Theory

◻ All organisms are born with innate biological

tendencies that help them survive.
◻ Behavior patterns that are generally
transmitted from generation to generation are
known as instincts.
◻ Instincts are goal-directed and innate patterns
of behavior that are not the result of learning
or experience.
Drive Reduction Theory
◻ A “drive” is a state of arousal or tension triggered
by a person’s physiological or biological needs.
These needs include hunger, thirst, need for
warmth, etc.
◻ According to the theory, any behavior that reduces
the drives will be repeated by humans and animals.
This is because the reduction of the drive serves as
a positive reinforcement (i.e. a reward) for the
behavior that caused such drive reduction.
Humanistic Theory
◻ Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs – Abraham
Maslow
◻ Maslow’s theory is based on the premise that
humans are motivated by needs that are
hierarchically ranked.
◻ Maslow’s hierarchy of needs defines
motivation as the process of satisfying certain
needs that are required for long-term survival
and development.