MUSIC AND ARTS By Group 2

OF JAPAN
 THE MUSIC OF JAPAN
• In Japan, music includes a wide array of distinct
genres, both traditional and modern. The word for
"music" in Japanese is 音楽 (ongaku), combining the
kanji 音 on (sound) with the kanji 楽 gaku (music,
comfort).
• And the oldest forms of Traditional Japanese music is:
• shōmyō ( 声明 or 聲明 ), or Buddhist chanting
• gagaku ( 雅楽 ), or orchestral court music
• And they were both dated on the Nara(710-794) and
Heian(794-1185) periods.
TRADITIONAL JAPANESE MUSIC
• There are three types of traditional Japanese music:
court music, instrumental music, theatrical music.
The term Gagaku, which means “elegant and refined
music”, has two types; the instrumental music
known as “Kigaku” and the vocal music, Seigaku.
Gagaku is considered as the oldest surviving court
music in some shrines and temples and Gagaku
repertoire today is classified into four categories:
• A. Instrument ensemble (Kangen)
• B. Dance music (Bugaku)
• C. Songs
• D. Ritual music for Shinto ceremonies
SOLO INSTRUMENTAL PIECES
• A. Sokyoku is an
instrumental solo
piece which is a
style of Japanese
classical music
played with koto.
SOLO INSTRUMENTAL PIECES
• B. Rokudan-no-shirabe is
considered as the oldest
kind of koto piece but
became popular in
shamisen with three style
variations.
EXAMPLES OF JAPANESE ENSEMBLE
INSTRUMENTAL PIECES……………….
• A. Kangen is an orchestral
music and instrumental
ensemble accompanying the
dance in Bugaku. This
ensemble means “wind and
string instruments”.
 EXAMPLES OF JAPANESE ENSEMBLE
INSTRUMENTAL PIECES………………..
• B. Sankyoku is a chamber
ensemble that consists of the three
most famous Japanese musical
instruments, namely; koto,(long
zither), shamisen(lute), and
shakuhachi(end-blown flute). This
ensemble is used as an
accompaniment for the vocal
music and serves as an interlude in
between sections.
 JAPANESE FOLK SONGS
• 1. Sakura is a famous
Japanese folk song which
means cherry blossom
flowers in English. It is
considered an elegant old
music where melody
reminds of the culture of an
urban or court life in Japan
 JAPANESE FOLK SONGS
• 2. Tsuki means moon in English. It is a popular
song describing the shape and beauty of the moon

• 3. Jan Ken Pon Yo is the famous children’s game

of rock, paper, scissors.
 NOW LETS LOOK AT THE
INSTRUMENTS OF JAPAN
• There are 24 instruments of Japan but lets just talk about 5 of
them and they are the:
• 1. Biwa instrument
• 2. Wadaiko instrument
• 3. Koto instrument
• 4. Shakuhachi instrument
• 5. Shamisen instrument
THE BIWA INSTRUMENT
• The biwa ( 琵琶 - Chinese:
pipa), a form of short-necked
lute, was played by a group of
itinerant performers (biwa
hōshi). The root of Biwa music
was The Tale of the Heike.[7]
Biwa hōshi organized into a
guild-like association. The
biwa is Japan's traditional
instrument.
THE WADAIKO INSTRUMENT
• Wadaiko, a Japanese drum,
comes in various sizes and
is used in variety of musical
genres. It has become
particularly popular in recent
years as the central
instrument of percussion
ensembles whose repertory
is based on a variety of folk-
and festival-music of the
past.
THE KOTO INSTRUMENT
• The Koto is a Japanese
plucked half-tube zither
instrument, and the national
instrument of Japan. It is
derived from the Chinese
zheng and se, and similar to
the Mongolian yatga, the
Korean gayageum and
ajaeng, the Vietnamese đàn
tranh, the Sundanese kacapi
and the Kazakh jetigen.
THE SHAKUHACHI INSTRUMENT
• A Shakuhachi is a
Japanese longitudinal,
end-blown flute that is
made of bamboo. The
bamboo end-blown flute
now known as the
shakuhachi was
developed in Japan in the
16th century and is called
the fuke shakuhachi.
THE SHAMISEN INSTRUMENT
• The Shamisen, also
known as sangen or
samisen , is a three-
stringed traditional
Japanese musical
instrument derived from
the Chinese instrument
sanxian. It is played with
a plectrum called a bachi.
 ARTS IN JAPAN
• Japanese art is the painting, calligraphy, architecture,
pottery, sculpture, and other visual arts produced in
Japan from about 10,000 BCE to the present. Within its
diverse body of expression, certain characteristic elements
seem to be recurrent: adaptation of other cultures, respect
for nature as a model, humanization of religious
iconography, and appreciation for material as a vehicle of
meaning.
 ORIGAMI
• The art of paper folding is
called Origami. The word
origami is a combination of
the Japanese words of ori(to
fold)and gami(paper).
WOODBLOCK PRINTING
• Woodblock printing in Japan is
different from the Western form
because it uses water-based ink
instead of oil-based ink.
• The wood used in woodblock
printing is wild cherry, and knives
and gouges are used for cutting
Japanese paper and is placed unto
the marks and printing is done by
hand.
JAPANESE MASKS
• Japanese masks are used by actors for
theater and dance performances. Each
mask in one performance differs in
style depending on the character in a
play.
• These mask are used to hide the
identity of the actor and instead
highlight the character in a play.
 MANGA AND ANIME
• Manga are very popular comic books to Japan.
It is very common sight to see Japanese adults
and children reading manga on trains and buses.
And it has many genres such as comedy, sports,
romance, adventure, horror, science fiction and
a lot more.
• Anime can be either be the hand-drawn or
computer-generated animation. It is the manga
which brought to life because of its color,
movement, sounds and theme songs.
• Some popular animes are Naruto Shippuden,
Dragon Ball Z, One Piece, and Haikyuu.
HEALTH
Topic: Pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy
 PRE-PREGNANCY
• If you are trying to have a baby or are just thinking about it, it
is not too early to start getting ready for pregnancy.
Preconception health and health care focus on things you can
do before and between pregnancies to increase the chances of
having a healthy baby. For some people, getting their bodies
ready for pregnancy takes a few months. For other people, it
might take longer. Whether this is your first, second, or sixth
baby, the following are important steps to help you get ready
for the healthiest pregnancy possible.
STEP 1. MAKE A PLAN AND TAKE ACTION
• Whether or not you’ve written them down, you’ve
probably thought about your goals for having or not
having children, and how to achieve those goals. For
example, when you didn’t want to have a baby, you
used effective birth control methods. Now that you’re
thinking about getting pregnant, it’s important to take
steps to achieve your goal getting pregnant and having
a healthy baby.
STEP 2. SEE YOUR DOCTOR
• Before getting pregnant, talk to your healthcare
provider about preconception health care. Your
provider will want to discuss your health history and
any medical conditions you currently have that could
affect a pregnancy. They may want to discuss any
previous pregnancy problems, medicines you currently
are taking, vaccinations you might need, and steps you
can take before pregnancy to help prevent certain
birth defects.
 STEP 2. SEE YOUR DOCTOR
• Take a list of talking points so you don’t forget anything. Be sure to talk to your doctor
about:
• 1. Medical Conditions: If you currently have any medical conditions, be sure they are under
control and being treated. Some of these conditions include:
sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), diabetes, thyroid disease, high blood pressure, and
other chronic diseases.
• 2. Lifestyle and Behaviors: Talk with your healthcare provider if you
• A. smoke, drink alcohol, or use certain drugs;
• B. live in a stressful or abusive environment; or
• C. work with or live around toxic substances.
• D. Health-care professionals can help you with counseling, treatment, and other support
services.
• 3. Medications: Almost every pregnant person will face a decision about taking
medicines before and during pregnancy. Talk to your healthcare providers before
starting or stopping any medicines. Be sure to discuss the following with your healthcare
providers:
• All medicines you take, including prescriptions, over-the-counter medicines, herbal and
dietary supplements, and vitamins
• Best ways to keep any health conditions you have under control
• Your personal goals and preferences for the health of you and your baby
• 4. Vaccinations (shots): Most vaccines are safe during pregnancy and some, such as
the flu vaccine and Tdap (adult tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis vaccine), are
specifically recommended during pregnancy. Learn about vaccinations during pregnancy
and learn more about COVID-19 vaccines while pregnant or breastfeeding. Having the
right vaccinations at the right time can help keep you healthy and help protect your baby
from some diseases during the first few months of life.
STEP 3. GET 400 MILIGRAMS OF FOLIC ACID
EVERYDAY………………………………
• Folic acid is a B vitamin. Having enough folic acid in your body
at least 1 month before and during pregnancy can help
prevent major birth defects of the developing baby’s brain and
spine (anencephaly and spina bifida). CDC urges all people
who can become pregnant to get 400 micrograms (mcg) of
folic acid each day, from fortified foods or supplements, or a
combination of the two, in addition to a varied diet rich in
folate.
STEP 4. STOP DRINKING ALCOHOL, SMOKING,
AND USING CERTAIN DRUGS……………………
• Smoking, drinking alcohol, and using certain drugs can
cause many problems during pregnancy, such as
premature birth, birth defects, and infant death.
• If you are trying to get pregnant and cannot stop
drinking, smoking, or using drugs, contact your
healthcare provider, local Alcoholics Anonymous, or
local alcohol treatment center.
 STEP 5. AVOID TOXIC SUBSTANCES AND
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS……
• Avoid harmful chemicals, environmental contaminants, and
other toxic substances such as synthetic chemicals, some
metals, fertilizer, bug spray, and cat or rodent feces around the
home and in the workplace. These substances can hurt the
reproductive systems of men and women. They can make it
more difficult to get pregnant. Exposure to even small
amounts during pregnancy, infancy, childhood, or puberty can
lead to diseases. Learn how to protect yourself and your loved
ones from toxic substances at work and at home.
 STEP 6. REACH AND MAINTAIN A HEALTHY
WEIGHT………………………………..
• People who are overweight or obese have a higher risk for many serious
conditions, including complications during pregnancy, heart disease, type
2 diabetes, and certain cancers (endometrial, breast, and colon). 1 People
who are underweight are also at risk for serious health problems. 2
• The key to achieving and maintaining a healthy weight isn’t about short-
term dietary changes. It’s about a lifestyle that includes healthy eating
and regular physical activity.
• If you are underweight, overweight, or obese, talk with your doctor about
ways to reach and maintain a healthy weight before you get pregnant.
STEP 7. LEARN YOUR FAMILY HISTORY
• Collecting your family’s health history can help you identify factors
that might affect your baby during infancy or childhood or your
ability to become pregnant. You might not realize that your sister’s
heart defect or your cousin’s sickle cell disease could affect your
baby, but sharing this family history information with your doctor
can be important.
• Based on your family health history, your doctor might refer you for
genetic counseling. Other reasons for genetic counseling include
having had several miscarriages, infant deaths, or trouble getting
pregnant (infertility), or having a genetic condition or birth defect
that occurred during a previous pregnancy.
 STEP 8. GET MENTALLY HEALTHY
• Mental health is how we think, feel, and act as we cope
with life. To be at your best, you need to feel good
about your life and value yourself. Everyone feels
worried, anxious, sad, or stressed sometimes.
However, if these feelings do not go away and they
interfere with your daily life, get help. Talk with your
healthcare provider about your feelings and treatment
options.
 DURING PREGNANCY
• Congratulations, you’re pregnant! Pregnancy is an exciting
time, but it can also be stressful. Knowing that you are doing
all you can to stay healthy during pregnancy and give your
baby a healthy start in life will help you to have peace of mind.

• What Are Steps You Have To Take Towards a

Healthy Pregnancy?
• 1. Folic Acid: Folic acid is a B vitamin that can help prevent major birth defects. Take a
vitamin with 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day, before and during
pregnancy.
• 2. Smoking: The best time to quit smoking is before you get pregnant, but quitting at
any time during pregnancy can help your baby get a better start on life. Learn more
about the dangers of smoking and find help to quit.
• 3. Alcohol: There is no known safe amount of alcohol use during pregnancy or while
trying to get pregnant. There is also no safe time for alcohol use during pregnancy. All
types of alcohol are equally harmful, including all wines and beer.
• 4. Marijuana Use: Marijuana use during pregnancy can be harmful to your baby’s
health. The chemicals in marijuana (in particular, tetrahydrocannabinol or THC) pass
through your system to your baby and can harm your baby’s development.
• 5. Vaccinations: Did you know a baby gets disease immunity (protection) from mom
during pregnancy? This immunity can protect baby from some diseases during the
first few months of life, but immunity decreases over time.
• 6. Infections: You won’t always know if you have an infection—sometimes you
won’t even feel sick. Learn how to help prevent infections that could harm your
developing baby.
• 7. HIV: If you are pregnant or are thinking about becoming pregnant, get a test
for HIV as soon as possible and encourage your partner to get tested as well. If
you have HIV and you are pregnant, there is a lot you can do to keep yourself
healthy and not give HIV to your baby.
• 8. West Nile Virus: Take steps to reduce your risk for West Nile virus and other
mosquito-borne infections.
• 9. Diabetes: Poor control of diabetes during pregnancy increases the chance for
birth defects and other problems for your baby. It can cause serious
complications for you, too.
• 10. High Blood Pressure: Existing high blood pressure can increase your risk of
problems during pregnancy.
• 11. Medications: Taking certain medications during pregnancy might cause serious
birth defects for your baby. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about any
medications you are taking. These include prescription and over-the-counter
medications and dietary or herbal supplements.
• 12. Depression: Depression is common and treatable. If you think you have
depression, seek treatment from your health care provider as soon as possible.
• 13. Emergencies: Did you know that when you’re pregnant you might need
additional supplies or need to protect yourself during an emergency? Public
health emergencies can affect access to medical and social services, increase
stress, intensify physical work, and expand caregiving duties.
• 14. Environmental and Workplace Exposures: There are some common
environmental and workplace hazards that could be harmful to pregnant or
breastfeeding people, or to household members when carried home on clothes,
skin, and shoes. Talk to your doctor or your employer about what you are exposed
to at work.
• 15. The Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units (PEHSUs) are a direct link
to medical and health professionals. Because environmental factors can impact
health of children and reproductive age adults, the PEHSU network has experts
in pediatrics, allergy/immunology, neurodevelopment, toxicology, occupational
and environmental medicine, nursing, reproductive health and other specialized
areas. There are regional specialists across the country to answer your
questions.
• 16. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has many fact
sheets about toxic substances (e.g, lead, benzene) if you have concerns about
toxic exposures.
• 17. Radiation: If you think you might have been exposed to radiation, talk with
your doctor.
 HOW DO GENETICS AND FAMILY HISTORY AFFECT
PREGNANCY?......................................

• Genetics: Understanding genetic factors and genetic disorders is important for learning more
about preventing birth defects, developmental disabilities, and other unique conditions in
children.
• Family History: Family members share their genes and their environment, lifestyles, and
habits. A family history can help identify possible disease risks for you and your baby.
• Genetic Counselor: Your doctor might suggest that you see a genetic counselor
if you have a family history of a genetic condition or have had several
miscarriages or infant deaths.
WHAT ARE OTHER CONCERNS DURING PREGNANCY?...........................................

• Bleeding and Clotting Disorders: Bleeding and clotting disorders can cause serious
problems during pregnancy, including miscarriage. If you have a bleeding or clotting
disorder, talk with your doctor.
• Disaster Safety for Expecting and New Parents: Learn general tips to get prepared
before a disaster and what to do in case of a disaster to help keep you and your family
safe and healthy.
• Premature Birth: Important growth and development occur throughout pregnancy – all
the way through the final months and weeks. Babies born three or more weeks earlier
than their due date have greater risk of serious disability or even death. Learn the
warning signs and how to prevent a premature birth.
• Travel: If you are planning a trip within the country or internationally, talk to your doctor
first. Travel might cause problems during pregnancy. Also, find out about the quality of
medical care at your destination and during transit.
• Violence and Pregnancy: Violence can lead to injury and death among women in any
stage of life, including during pregnancy. Learn more about violence against women,
and find out where to get help.
WHAT ARE OTHER THINGS TO THINK ABOUT BEFORE THE BABY ARRIVES?

• Breastfeeding: You and your baby gain many benefits from breastfeeding. Breast milk is easy
to digest and has antibodies that can protect your baby from bacterial and viral infections.
• Jaundice and Kernicterus: Any baby can get jaundice. Severe jaundice that is not treated can
cause brain damage. Your baby should be checked for jaundice in the hospital and again within
48 hours after leaving the hospital. If you think your baby has jaundice, call and visit your
baby’s doctor right away.
• Newborn Screening: Within 48 hours of your baby’s birth, a sample of blood is taken from a
“heel stick,” and the blood is tested for treatable diseases. More than 98% of all children born
in the United States are tested for these disorders.
• Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS): Learn what parents and caregivers can do to help
babies sleep safely and reduce the risk of sleep-related infant deaths, including SIDS.
• Child Safety Seats: Motor vehicle injuries are a leading cause of death among
children in the United States. But many of these deaths can be prevented. Always
buckling children in age- and size-appropriate car seats, booster seats, and seat
belts reduces serious and fatal injuries by up to 80%.
THAT WAS THE END OF OUR
PRESENTATION. THANK YOU FOR
YOUR TIME.
Have a good day everyone.