C U LT U R E

W h a t is C U LT U R E ?
• According to Edward
Taylor, “Culture refers
to that complex
whole which includes
knowledge, beliefs,
art, morals, law,
customs, and any
other capabilities and
habits acquired by
man as a member of
society”.
• According to Robert
Redfield, “Culture is an
organized body of
conventional
understanding manifest
in art and artifacts,
which, persisting
through tradition,
characterizes a human
group”.
 Types of CULTURE
• Material culture refers to the concrete and
tangible things that man creates and uses. They
range from the prehistoric stone tools of primitive
man to the most advanced computer of the
modern man

• Non-material culture consists of words people

use; the habits they follow; the ideas, customs
and behavior that any society professes and to
which they strive to conform. Laws, techniques,
lifestyle, and knowledge are included, too.
 Characteristics of Culture
• Culture is learned
and acquired.
• Culture is shared
and transmitted.
• Culture is social.
• Culture is ideational.
• Culture gratifies
human needs.
• Culture is adaptive.
• Culture tends
toward integration.
• Culture is
cumulative.
 Elements of Culture
1.Norms- these are guides or models of
behavior which tell us what is appropriate or
inappropriate, what is right or wrong
a. Folkways
b. Mores
c. Laws
2.Values- values represent the standards
we use to evaluate the desirability of things
a. Bayanihan or spirit of kinship and
camaraderie
b. Hospitality
Continuation….
c. Respect to elders
d. Utang na Loob
e. Bahala na
f. Filipino Time

3.Language- it refers to a system of symbols that

have specific and arbitrary meaning in a given
society

4.Fashion, fads, and craze- these are other

elements of culture that are short-lived social norms
with which people are expected to comply with
 Functions of Culture
• Culture as a Category

- As a general category for the classification

of phenomena
• Culture as a tool in prediction

• Some of the more specific functions of culture

distinct from the objectives of the various social
institutions:
1. Culture serves as trademark or special feature
that distinguishes one society from one another.
2. Culture brings together, contains, and interprets the
values of a society in a more or less systematic
manner.
Continuation…
3.Culture provides one of the most important
bases for social solidarity.
4.Culture provides a blueprint of, as well as
the materials for social structure.
5.The culture of any society is largely responsible
for producing a social personality.
6.The culture of a society provides
behavioral patterns.
7.Culture provides individuals with the meaning
and direction of their existence.
 Modes of Acquiring Culture
• Imitation
-is the act of copying the
behavior of someone observed
• Indoctrination
-the process of teaching a
person or group to accept a set of
beliefs
• Conditioning
-the process of training
or accustoming a person
to behave in a certain way or to
accept certain circumstances
Th a n k you!
Prepared by:

Jayson C. Lardizabal