Contactless Attendance Management System

using Proximity Technology with BLE

Beacons
 AGENDA OF THE
PROJECT
UTAR Attendance Management System 1 2
INTRODUCTION
Attendance Management System
◉ Exists in most of the institutions
◉ Track and monitor the departures and arrivals of people
◉ Piece of paper, QR code, Barcode, RFID, GPS and etc.
◉ Solution Proposed : Indoor Positioning System (IPS)

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 PROBLEM STATEMENTS
Technique Used : DIRECT OBSERVATION

Time-consuming Prone to human errors

The process is sequential as Lecturer may forgot to bring
only one student is allowed to attendance sheets or student
sign the attendance at once. forgot to sign the attendance.

Not eco-friendly Vulnerable to fraud

Waste of attendance papers for Encourage buddy signing and
each lecture and tutorial. proxy attendance.

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PROJECT OBJECTIVES
◉ To study the use of beacon devices to perform indoor localization using
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and proximity technology
◉ To develop a mobile application that will locate the user inside the
buildings of UTAR
◉ To develop a backend server that will collect the user attendance data
◉ To visualize the attendance data collected from the backend server

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 PROPOSED SOLUTION
INDOOR POSITIONING SYSTEM

1. TRACK THE LOCATION OF 2. CHECK THE USER 3. TIMELY VALIDATION OF

USER INSIDE UTAR BUILDINGS LOCATION STATUS USER LOCATION STATUS

5. MARK THE ATTENDANCE

4. COLLECT THE USER
STATUS OF THE USER BASED ON
ATTENDANCE DATA
DATA COLLECTED

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 PROJECT SCOPE
MODULES
COVERED
Targeted Users : Student and Lecturer

Indoor Localization Data Acquisition Timely Validation

Locate user within the Obtain user location and Constant validation on
buildings. duration in the location. student’s location.

Criteria Inspection Attendance Marking Attendance Data Management

Evaluate the metric of user Marked the attendance Collect, filter and visualize
attendance status. based on the criteria. student’s attendance.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
REVIEW AND COMPARISONS OF EXISTING WORK 2 8
EXISTING SYSTEM
REVIEW
Different Approaches of AMS
◉ GPS Based AMS
◉ Barcode Based AMS
◉ QR Code Based AMS
◉ RFID Based AMS
◉ Biometric Based AMS
◉ MAC Address Based AMS

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GPS Based AMS
Implementation of Mobile Attendance Application Using Geo-Fence Technique
(Makhtar et al., 2016)
◉ System take the user attendance from their location based on GPS.
◉ Provide clock-in and clock-out features
◉ IMEI number registration
Strength Limitation
◉ Minimize Attendance Spoofing ◉ Low accuracy
◉ Inexpensive ◉ Vulnerable
◉ Area covered ◉ Does not work within a building
◉ Implement clock-in and clock-out

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Barcode Based AMS
Student Attendance Recording System Using Barcode
(Woo, 2018)
◉ Use barcode printed on ID card
◉ Mobile camera as barcode scanner

Strength Limitation
◉ Utilize high penetration of ID card ◉ Proxy attendance / Buddy signing
◉ Low cost ◉ Time consuming
◉ Easy to be developed ◉ Lecturer have to activate the scanner constantly
◉ No clock out process

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QR Code Based AMS
Smart Attendance System Applying QR Code
(Hendry, Rahman and Seyal, 2017)
◉ QR code provided on a big screen
◉ Implement Reed Solomon ECC algorithm
◉ Recover damaged or unclear QR Code ability
Strength Limitation
◉ Inexpensive ◉ Proxy attendance / Buddy signing
◉ Parallel process ◉ No clock out process

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RFID Based AMS
Smart Attendance System Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) And Android
(Shejwal et al., 2018)
◉ Use RFID installed in ID card
◉ NFC enabled devices as RFID scanner

Strength
◉ Utilize high penetration of ID card
◉ Shorter reading time compared to
barcode
◉ Utilize NFC technology
Limitation
◉ Expensive compared to barcode
◉ Time consuming
◉ Instructor have to activate the scanner constantly
◉ No clock out process

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Biometric Based AMS
• Iris based attendance system (Bhagat et al, 2015)
• Fingerprint Recognition Student Attendance Management System (Liew, 2015)
• Face Recognition Based Automated Student Attendance System (Howard, 2015)

◉ Review based on 3 categories : Iris, Finger Print, Face Recognition

◉ Use unique biological traits of human body
◉ Absolute uniqueness
◉ Scanner is required : Fingerprint Scanner, Iris Scanner and Camera
◉ Required collection, filtration and training of large datasets

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 STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
Biometric Based AMS

Strength
◉ Absolute uniqueness
◉ Eliminate buddy signing / proxy
attendance
◉ Less vulnerable system
Limitation
◉ Time consuming
◉ Large datasets is required for image
recognition
◉ Regulations related of biometric
identifiers must be taken into account
◉ Affected by various environmental factors
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MAC Address Based AMS
Automated Attendance Taker Using Passive MAC Address Probing
(Low, 2018)
◉ MAC Address bind to student ID
◉ Utilize the MAC Address of mobile devices of student
◉ Installed with router and Wireshark to retrieve MAC Address
Strength Limitation
◉ Minimize buddy signing / proxy ◉ Lower location accuracy
attendance ◉ High cost
◉ Timely validation ◉ Device limitation
◉ Parallel process

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 Cost Minmize Proxy Minimize Time
Existing AMS (1 – Most Expensive) Identity Accuracy Location Accuracy Timely validation Attendance Consuming

GPS Based 6 High Low ✖ ✖ ✔

Barcode Based 5 High High ✖ ✖ ✖

QR Code Based 7 High High ✖ ✖ ✔

RFID Based 4 High High ✖ ✖ ✖

Low
Biometric Based 1
(High for fingerprint)
High ✖ ✔ ✖

MAC Address Based 2 High Low ✔ ✔ ✔

Proposed Solution 3 High High ✔ ✔ ✔

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 METHODOLOGY AND
WORK PLAN
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY AND PROJECT PLAN 3 18
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
RADID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT (RAD)

Figure 1: RAD. [online] Available at: <

https://blog.capterra.com/what-is-rapid-application-development/>
[Accessed 1 April 2019].

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REASON TO USE RAD
◉ RAD adopted for short duration project
◉ FYP II Duration : 14 weeks
◉ The requirements can adopt to changes easily
◉ New technology is used for the proposed project
◉ Incremental ability of RAD

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WORK
BREAKDO
WN
STRUCTUR
E

Figure 2:
Work Breakdown
Structure of AMS

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TECHNOLOGY REQUIRED
BLE BEACON
◉ Emit Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Signals constantly
◉ Easy to install
◉ Tiny, low cost, Low power consumption
◉ Can interact with any Bluetooth enabled devices
◉ Other Development Tools : Android Studio, Firebase,
React Native Framework
Figure 3: Estimote Beacons. [online]
Available at: <https://estimote.com>
[Accessed 1 April 2019].

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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
SYSTEM
PRODUCT DEMONSTRATION 4 23
Setup for Authentication

Student ID Name Email Password Device ID

068264b2c7c58c
1505408 Tee Wen Seng user1@test.com password
7f

1a482bc3a55867
Richard
1505403 user2@test.com password 3a
Hendricks

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Setup for Firebase

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Setup for Estimote
Beacons

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Demonstration
1
Proble
m
Student perform attendance spoofing by taking attendance for other
student in the same class.

Solution
Implement unique Device ID in authentication to bind one user to
single device only.

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Demonstration
2
Proble
m
Student leave the classroom right after taking the attendance, or take
the attendance in specific interval only.

Solution
Using backgroundTimer and Estimote Beacons to constantly update
user location status.

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Demonstration
3
Proble
m
Student accidentally kills the application in background during the
process of taking attendance.

Solution
Update the attendance status constantly on Firebase Realtime
Database and retrieved the data to continue the attendance taking
process.

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Limitations for
Proposed Solution
◉ Battery life
◉ Mobile data usage
◉ Cross-platform development

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FUTURE IMPROVEMENTS
◉ Native Language Development
◉ Web application site for lecturer
◉ Implement check-point based or random-point based
attendance system
◉ Use biometric sensor of mobile device instead of unique
ID to achieve unique identity

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THANKS!
That’s all for my presentation.

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 CREDITS

Special thanks to all the people who made and

released these awesome resources for free:
◉ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
◉ Photographs by Unsplash

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REFERENCES
◉ Bhagat, P.S., Shilwant, D.S., Kharde, S.P., Bhagat, P.S., Andure A.S. and Shirsath A.A., 2015. Iris based
attendance system. [online]. Available at: <
http://ijarcet.org/wp-content/uploads/IJARCET-VOL-4-ISSUE-8-3329-3332.pdf> [Accessed 20 March
2019].
◉ Chin, H., 2018. Face Recognition Based Automated Student Attendance System. [pdf]. Available at: <
http://eprints.utar.edu.my/2832/1/EE-2018-1303261-1.pdf> [Accessed 20 March 2019].
◉ Girish, D., 2014. Wi-Fi vs Bluetooth Low Energy (iBeacon) Technology. [blog] 3 November 2014.
Available at: <
https://blog.beaconstac.com/2014/11/wi-fi-vs-bluetooth-low-energy-ibeacon-technology/>
[Accessed 12 February 2019]
◉ Hendry, M.R.M, Rahman, M.N.A. and Seyal A.H., 2017. Smart Attendance System Applying QR Code.
[online]. Available at: <http://iieng.org/images/proceedings_pdf/E0517002.pdf> [Accessed 20 March
2019].

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REFERENCES
◉ Liew, K.N., 2015. Fingerprint Recognition Student Attendance Management System. [pdf]. Available at:
<http://eprints.utar.edu.my/1829/1/IA-2015-1304584-1.pdf> [Accessed 19 March 2019].
◉ Low, C.F., 2018. Automated Attendance Taker using Passive MAC Address Probing. [pdf]. Available at: <
http://eprints.utar.edu.my/3066/1/fyp_CN_2018_LCF_-_1403534.pdf> [Accessed 20 March 2019].
◉ Makhtar, M., Rosly, R., Fadzli, S. A., Shamsuddin S.N.W and Jamal A.A., 2016. Implementation of Mobile
Attendance Application using Geo-Fence Technique. [online]. Available at: <
http://www.arpnjournals.org/jeas/research_papers/rp_2016/jeas_0316_3820.pdf> [Accessed 20
March 2019].
◉ Ray, B., 2018. How An Indoor Positioning System Works. [online] Available at: <
https://www.airfinder.com/blog/indoor-positioning-system> [Accessed 12 February 2019].

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REFERENCES
◉ Redetzke, S., Vanner, A. and Otieno, R., 2017. Smart Room Attendance Monitoring and Location
Tracking with iBeacon Technology. [online] Available at: <
https://web.wpi.edu/Pubs/E-project/Available/E-project-042517-170052/unrestricted/COMPLETE_eC
DR_MQP_SUBMISSION.pdf
> [Accessed 10 February 2019]
◉ Shejalwal, B.Y., Walke, A.H., Solanki, R.M., Pandit, A. and Shelar, Y.M., 2018. Smart Attendance System
Using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) And Android. [online] Available at: <
https://www.iosrjen.org/Papers/Conf.ICIATE-2018/Volume-10/9-44-48.pdf> [Accessed 19 March
2019].
◉ What is Indoor Positioning System. [online] Available at: <
https://senion.com/indoor-positioning-system/> [Accessed 10 February 2019]
◉ What is Proximity and IoT?. [online] Available at: <
https://kontakt.io/beacon-basics/what-is-proximity-and-iot/> [Accessed 12 February 2019]’
◉ What is WHITE Box Testing? Techniques, Example, Types & Tools. [online] Available at: <
https://www.guru99.com/white-box-testing.html> [Accessed 4 July 2019]

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